{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"YOECWCNJGHHTMN-IBGZPJMESA-N","prefName":"EMB-FUBINACA","symbol":"EMB-FUBINACA","iupacName":"ethyl (2S)-2-[[1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoate","aliases":["EMB-FUBINACA","ethyl [1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]valinate"],"cas":null,"pubchemCid":"125181443","chebiId":null,"smiles":"CCOC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)C1=NN(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC3=CC=C(C=C3)F","molecularFormula":"C22H24FN3O3","molecularWeight":397.4,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125181443"}},"classification":{"family":"scra","familyLabel":"Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)","origin":"synthetic","originLabel":"Synthétique","structuralClassFr":null},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Origin (pharmaceutical research → illicit market)","summaryFr":"No biosynthetic pathway: EMB-FUBINACA does not derive from hemp. It is a carboxamide made in the laboratory by amide coupling, a chemistry unrelated to the terpenophenols of the plant.","originNote":"Entirely synthetic molecule, not among the constituents of cannabis. Reported in Europe as a new synthetic product between 2014 and 2015 (Doi et al., 2018), it was tentatively identified in seized plant material (Antonides et al., 2019).","discovered":""},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"EMB-FUBINACA, whose chemical name is ethyl [1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]valinate, is a synthetic indazole-3-carboxamide, the ethyl analogue of AMB-FUBINACA. Doi et al. (2018) classify it as an agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, and Gatch et al. (2022) report in rats a full substitution for Δ9-THC with an ED50 of 0.13 mg/kg. A death case published by Adamowicz et al. (2019) found it in tissues and stomach contents, alongside AMB-FUBINACA. No controlled human study is cited in the sources consulted, and no therapeutic use is established.","receptorSummaryFr":"Classed as an agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the in vitro assay of Doi et al. (2018), which tested both enantiomers. No affinity constant (Ki) is published in the sources consulted. In rats, it fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in discrimination, with an ED50 of 0.13 mg/kg (Gatch et al., 2022). No data on other targets were found in the sources consulted.","binding":[{"target":"CB1","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":25,"reported":"Agoniste in vitro ; aucune constante d'affinité (Ki) publiée dans les sources consultées (Doi et coll., 2018)","confidence":"medium"},{"target":"CB2","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":25,"reported":"Agoniste in vitro ; aucune constante d'affinité (Ki) publiée dans les sources consultées (Doi et coll., 2018)","confidence":"medium"}],"references":[{"label":"Gatch et coll., Comportement pharmacologique de cinq cannabinoïdes de synthèse, Behav Pharmacol 2022","pmid":"33595956","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33595956/"},{"label":"Doi et coll., Agonisme CB1 et CB2 des carboxamides de synthèse et différence entre énantiomères, Forensic Toxicol 2018","pmid":"29367862","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29367862/"},{"label":"Adamowicz et coll., Intoxication mortelle à l'AMB-FUBINACA et à l'EMB-FUBINACA, Clin Toxicol 2019","pmid":"30806094","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806094/"},{"label":"Liu et coll., Identification et caractérisation analytique de six cannabinoïdes de synthèse dont l'EMB-FUBINACA, Drug Test Anal 2017","pmid":"28063270","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063270/"},{"label":"Antonides et coll., Synthèse énantiospécifique, séparation chirale et détection de quatre carboxamides indazole dans des saisies, Front Chem 2019","pmid":"31157203","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31157203/"},{"label":"ANSM · Liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (clause des dérivés du 3-carboxamide indazole)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS · Liste verte des substances psychotropes sous contrôle international, édition 2026","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"PubChem · CID 125181443, EMB-FUBINACA","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125181443"}]},"pharmacokinetics":null,"metabolism":null,"detection":null,"subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":8},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":5},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":10},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":10},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":15}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":false},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":true,"bannerTextFr":"Aucune dose humaine caractérisée : données animales / in vitro uniquement. Profil d'effet, marge de sécurité et toxicité aiguë non documentés en clinique humaine.","toxicologyFr":null},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":"unscheduled","scheduleLabel":"Unscheduled","frScheduleStatus":"controlled-clause","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"No harmonised control measure at European Union level was found for this molecule in the sources consulted: its control falls under the national legislation of the Member States.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"Narcotic in France, without listing by name. The molecule is not named in the ANSM consolidated list of narcotics (updated 16 February 2026). It falls under the generic clause of the 3-carboxamide indazole derivatives: the nitrogen at position 1 of the indazole ring carries a halobenzyl (fluorobenzyl) group, the ring is otherwise unsubstituted, and the carboxamide nitrogen carries a 1-alkoxy-1-oxo-butan-2-yl group (ethyl ester of valine) substituted at position 3 by an alkyl (methyl) group, which the definition covers. The decree that introduced this clause is not identified in the text consulted. It is not named on the 2026 INCB Green List. Use, possession, transfer and importation are prohibited.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"Gatch et coll., Comportement pharmacologique de cinq cannabinoïdes de synthèse, Behav Pharmacol 2022","pmid":"33595956","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33595956/"},{"label":"Doi et coll., Agonisme CB1 et CB2 des carboxamides de synthèse et différence entre énantiomères, Forensic Toxicol 2018","pmid":"29367862","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29367862/"},{"label":"Adamowicz et coll., Intoxication mortelle à l'AMB-FUBINACA et à l'EMB-FUBINACA, Clin Toxicol 2019","pmid":"30806094","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30806094/"},{"label":"Liu et coll., Identification et caractérisation analytique de six cannabinoïdes de synthèse dont l'EMB-FUBINACA, Drug Test Anal 2017","pmid":"28063270","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28063270/"},{"label":"Antonides et coll., Synthèse énantiospécifique, séparation chirale et détection de quatre carboxamides indazole dans des saisies, Front Chem 2019","pmid":"31157203","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31157203/"},{"label":"ANSM · Liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (clause des dérivés du 3-carboxamide indazole)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS · Liste verte des substances psychotropes sous contrôle international, édition 2026","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"PubChem · CID 125181443, EMB-FUBINACA","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/125181443"}],"meta":{"slug":"emb-fubinaca","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/emb-fubinaca","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-10-13","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":90,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}