{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"MWBHSNBPUSKVDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N","prefName":"FUB-APINACA","symbol":"FUB-APINACA","iupacName":"N-(1-adamantyl)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indazole-3-carboxamide","aliases":["FUB-APINACA","AFUBINACA","FUB-AKB48","FUB-AKB-48","AKB48 N-(4-fluorobenzyl)","AFB-48"],"cas":null,"pubchemCid":"118796517","chebiId":"CHEBI:192570","smiles":"C1C2CC3CC1CC(C2)(C3)NC(=O)C4=NN(C5=CC=CC=C54)CC6=CC=C(C=C6)F","molecularFormula":"C25H26FN3O","molecularWeight":403.5,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118796517","chebi":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:CHEBI:192570"}},"classification":{"family":"scra","familyLabel":"Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)","origin":"synthetic","originLabel":"Synthétique","structuralClassFr":null},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Origin (pharmaceutical research → illicit market)","summaryFr":"No biosynthetic pathway: FUB-APINACA is an indazole carboxamide obtained by chemical synthesis in the laboratory, unrelated to the terpenophenols of the plant.","originNote":"Entirely synthetic molecule, with no natural occurrence recorded. In the United States, forensic surveillance has detected it in recent years, among several indole and indazole synthetic cannabinoids (Marusich et al., 2022). The date of its first description is not established in the sources consulted.","discovered":""},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"FUB-APINACA, also called AFUBINACA or FUB-AKB48, is an indazole-3-carboxamide carrying an adamantyl group on the amide and a 4-fluorobenzyl group on nitrogen 1 of the indazole ring. A high-efficacy agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, it shows a Ki of 1.30 nM at CB1 and 0.823 nM at CB2 (Marusich et al., 2022). In mice, it lowers body temperature and substitutes for Δ9-THC at a dose comparable to that of THC in males. The same work notes that it has been associated with deaths among users. No controlled exposure study in humans was found. In the United States, the DEA placed it in Schedule I by a final rule of 7 April 2022.","receptorSummaryFr":"A high-efficacy agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors. In membranes of cells expressing the human receptors, Marusich et al. (2022) measure a Ki of 1.30 nM at CB1 and 0.823 nM at CB2, and an EC50 of 6.94 nM at CB1 and 0.424 nM at CB2 in GTPγS binding. No data on other targets were found in the sources consulted.","binding":[{"target":"CB1","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":92,"reported":"Ki 1,30 nM ; EC50 6,94 nM en GTPγS (Marusich et coll., 2022)","confidence":"medium"},{"target":"CB2","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":94,"reported":"Ki 0,823 nM ; EC50 0,424 nM en GTPγS (Marusich et coll., 2022)","confidence":"medium"}],"references":[{"label":"Marusich et coll., pharmacologie in vitro et in vivo de neuf SCRA dont le FUB-AKB48, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022","pmid":"36154844","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173467","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36154844/"},{"label":"Apirakkan et coll., profil métabolique de phase I in vitro de cinq cannabinoïdes de synthèse dont le FUB-APINACA, Chem Res Toxicol 2020","pmid":"32301604","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00466","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32301604/"},{"label":"Chen et coll., extraction de six cannabinoïdes dans les eaux usées suivie d'UHPLC-MS/MS, Talanta 2023","pmid":"37276675","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124752","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37276675/"},{"label":"ANSM · Liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026, annexe IV","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS · Liste verte des substances psychotropes sous contrôle international, édition 2026 (FUB-APINACA absent)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"DEA · Placement de FUB-AKB48 en annexe I, règle définitive (Federal Register, 7 avril 2022)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2022-07320"},{"label":"PubChem · CID 118796517, FUB-APINACA","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118796517"}]},"pharmacokinetics":null,"metabolism":null,"detection":null,"subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":8},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":5},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":15},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":12},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":20}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":false},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":true,"bannerTextFr":"Aucune dose humaine caractérisée : données animales / in vitro uniquement. Profil d'effet, marge de sécurité et toxicité aiguë non documentés en clinique humaine.","toxicologyFr":null},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":"unscheduled","scheduleLabel":"Unscheduled","frScheduleStatus":"controlled-named","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"The sources consulted for this record describe no European Union control measure for this molecule, so its EU status is not documented here.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"A narcotic in France, by name. FUB-APINACA appears in the consolidated list of substances classified as narcotics (ANSM, updated 16 February 2026), in Annex IV of that list, which compiles the substances classified by the decree of 22 February 1990, in the block on 3-carboxamide indazole derivatives, where it is cited by name (« FUB-APINACA ou FUB-AKB-48 »).","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"Marusich et coll., pharmacologie in vitro et in vivo de neuf SCRA dont le FUB-AKB48, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022","pmid":"36154844","doi":"10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173467","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36154844/"},{"label":"Apirakkan et coll., profil métabolique de phase I in vitro de cinq cannabinoïdes de synthèse dont le FUB-APINACA, Chem Res Toxicol 2020","pmid":"32301604","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00466","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32301604/"},{"label":"Chen et coll., extraction de six cannabinoïdes dans les eaux usées suivie d'UHPLC-MS/MS, Talanta 2023","pmid":"37276675","doi":"10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124752","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37276675/"},{"label":"ANSM · Liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026, annexe IV","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS · Liste verte des substances psychotropes sous contrôle international, édition 2026 (FUB-APINACA absent)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"DEA · Placement de FUB-AKB48 en annexe I, règle définitive (Federal Register, 7 avril 2022)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2022-07320"},{"label":"PubChem · CID 118796517, FUB-APINACA","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/118796517"}],"meta":{"slug":"fub-apinaca","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/fub-apinaca","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-10-13","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":90,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}