{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"AYSKEJYDZUJEIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N","prefName":"JWH-046","symbol":"JWH-046","iupacName":"(7-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)-(2-methyl-1-propylindol-3-yl)methanone","aliases":["JWH-046","(7-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)(2-methyl-1-propylindol-3-yl)methanone"],"cas":null,"pubchemCid":"11473309","chebiId":null,"smiles":"CCCN1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)C3=CC=CC4=C3C=C(C=C4)C)C","molecularFormula":"C24H23NO","molecularWeight":341.4,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11473309"}},"classification":{"family":"scra","familyLabel":"Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)","origin":"synthetic","originLabel":"Synthétique","structuralClassFr":null},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Origin (pharmaceutical research → illicit market)","summaryFr":"No biosynthetic pathway: the molecule is produced by no living organism and comes solely from organic synthesis, by acylation of the indole at position 3.","originNote":"Fully synthetic molecule. No consulted source describes it in a plant or in any living organism: it is a synthetic compound published within research on cannabinoid receptors.","discovered":""},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"JWH-046 belongs to the 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles, a series studied by John W. Huffman at Clemson University to improve CB2 ligands and to establish the structure-activity relationship at CB1 and CB2. It carries a propyl on the indole nitrogen, a methyl at position 2 and a naphthyl methylated at position 7. The published affinities are about 344 nM at rat CB1 and 16.0 nM at human CB2, according to De Freitas et al. (2009). No functional measurement specific to this compound, no pharmacokinetic data, and no human or toxicological data were found in the consulted sources. In France, it is controlled as a narcotic through a generic clause, not by its name.","receptorSummaryFr":"Ligand of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, with affinity measured at both. In the data reported by De Freitas et al. (2009), the Ki is about 344 nM at CB1 (rat brain, displacement of [3H]CP-55940) and 16.0 nM at human cloned CB2, which means clearly stronger affinity for CB2. These affinity values say nothing about efficacy: no functional measurement specific to this compound (GTPγS, adenylate cyclase) was found in the consulted sources. The agonist classification rests on the class of JWH naphthoylindoles, not on a measurement made for this molecule. No data on other targets was identified.","binding":[{"target":"CB1","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":52,"reported":"Ki 344 nM, CB1 de cerveau de rat (De Freitas et coll., 2009)","confidence":"medium"},{"target":"CB2","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":81,"reported":"Ki 16,0 nM, CB2 humain cloné (De Freitas et coll., 2009)","confidence":"medium"}],"references":[{"label":"Huffman et coll., relations structure-activité des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles sur CB1 et CB2, Bioorg Med Chem 2005","pmid":"15582455","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.050","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15582455/"},{"label":"De Freitas et coll., modèles CoMFA et CoMSIA d'affinité des ligands indoles de CB1 et CB2, Eur J Med Chem 2009","pmid":"19249138","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.026","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19249138/"},{"label":"ChEMBL, CHEMBL558801, mesures de liaison CB1 et CB2 de JWH-046","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL558801/"},{"label":"PubChem, CID 11473309, JWH-046","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11473309"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (annexe IV, famille des indol-3-yl méthanones)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"INCB, Green List 2026 (substances des conventions internationales)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"}]},"pharmacokinetics":null,"metabolism":null,"detection":null,"subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":5},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":5},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":10},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":15},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":10}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":false},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":true,"bannerTextFr":"Aucune dose humaine caractérisée : données animales / in vitro uniquement. Profil d'effet, marge de sécurité et toxicité aiguë non documentés en clinique humaine.","toxicologyFr":null},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":"unscheduled","scheduleLabel":"Unscheduled","frScheduleStatus":"controlled-clause","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"No harmonised control measure at European Union level was identified for this compound in the consulted sources: control falls under the national law of the member states. It is also absent from the INCB Green List 2026, which lists substances under the international conventions.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"Not named in the ANSM consolidated list of 16 February 2026, but subject to the narcotics regime through a generic clause. Annex IV of this list defines the indol-3-yl methanone family: an alkyl-type substituent on the indole nitrogen, and a naphthyl group, substituted or not, on the methanone carbon. JWH-046 meets these conditions: its nitrogen carries a propyl and its methanone carries a naphthyl methylated at position 7, which the definition allows. JWH-015, which differs only by this methyl, is cited by name in the same annex. Production, possession, transfer and use fall under the criminal regime for narcotics.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"Huffman et coll., relations structure-activité des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles sur CB1 et CB2, Bioorg Med Chem 2005","pmid":"15582455","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.050","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15582455/"},{"label":"De Freitas et coll., modèles CoMFA et CoMSIA d'affinité des ligands indoles de CB1 et CB2, Eur J Med Chem 2009","pmid":"19249138","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.026","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19249138/"},{"label":"ChEMBL, CHEMBL558801, mesures de liaison CB1 et CB2 de JWH-046","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL558801/"},{"label":"PubChem, CID 11473309, JWH-046","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11473309"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (annexe IV, famille des indol-3-yl méthanones)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"INCB, Green List 2026 (substances des conventions internationales)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"}],"meta":{"slug":"jwh-046","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/jwh-046","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-10-13","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":90,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}