{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"KQDSWZCINCRXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N","prefName":"JWH-094","symbol":"JWH-094","iupacName":"(4-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-(2-methyl-1-propylindol-3-yl)methanone","aliases":["JWH-094"],"cas":null,"pubchemCid":"45272115","chebiId":null,"smiles":"CCCN1C(=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C4=CC=CC=C43)OC)C","molecularFormula":"C24H23NO2","molecularWeight":357.4,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45272115"}},"classification":{"family":"scra","familyLabel":"Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)","origin":"synthetic","originLabel":"Synthétique","structuralClassFr":null},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Origin (pharmaceutical research → illicit market)","summaryFr":"No known biosynthetic pathway: JWH-094 comes solely from organic synthesis, which joins an indole ring and a naphthalene ring through a carbonyl group. The details of the processes are not described here.","originNote":"Entirely synthetic molecule, drawn from a series of compounds prepared by organic synthesis (Huffman et al., 2005). No source consulted describes it in a plant or in a living organism.","discovered":""},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"JWH-094 belongs to the series of 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles, studied by John W. Huffman and his team at Clemson University to link chemical structure with affinity for cannabinoid receptors. It carries a propyl group on the indole nitrogen, a methyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 4 of the naphthoyl group. The ChEMBL database reports an inhibition constant Ki of 476 nM at CB1 (rat brain) and of 97 nM at CB2 (cloned human receptor), values attributed to the article by De Freitas et al. (2009). No intrinsic efficacy and no human data are published for this molecule in the sources consulted. In France, it is not named on the narcotics list, but it falls under the generic definition of naphthoylindoles.","receptorSummaryFr":"A ligand of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, with affinity measured by displacement of a radioligand: an inhibition constant Ki of 476 nM at CB1 (rat brain) and of 97 nM at CB2 (cloned human receptor), values that ChEMBL attributes to De Freitas et al. (2009). Affinity is therefore lower at CB1 than at CB2. According to the synthesis by Wiley et al. (2012), a methoxy group at position 4 of the naphthoyl group enhances affinity for both receptors in this series. No intrinsic efficacy specific to JWH-094 is published in the sources consulted, so whether it is an agonist, a partial agonist or an antagonist is not established here.","binding":[{"target":"CB1","efficacy":"modulator","relativeActivity":50,"reported":"Ki 476 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, cerveau de rat ; valeur ChEMBL attribuée à De Freitas et coll., 2009)","confidence":"medium"},{"target":"CB2","efficacy":"modulator","relativeActivity":65,"reported":"Ki 97 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, récepteur CB2 humain cloné ; valeur ChEMBL attribuée à De Freitas et coll., 2009)","confidence":"medium"}],"references":[{"label":"De Freitas GB et coll., modèles CoMFA et CoMSIA d'affinité et de sélectivité pour les ligands indoliques CB1 et CB2, Eur J Med Chem, 2009","pmid":"19249138","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19249138/"},{"label":"Huffman JW et coll., relations structure-activité des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles sur les récepteurs CB1 et CB2, Bioorg Med Chem, 2005","pmid":"15582455","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15582455/"},{"label":"Wiley JL et coll., synthèse et pharmacologie des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles halogénés, Bioorg Med Chem, 2012 (effet du méthoxy en position 4 rapporté d'après Huffman et coll., 2005)","pmid":"22341572","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22341572/"},{"label":"ChEMBL, composé CHEMBL550949 (JWH-094), activités de liaison CB1 et CB2","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/api/data/activity.json?molecule_chembl_id=CHEMBL550949"},{"label":"PubChem, Compound Summary CID 45272115, JWH-094","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45272115"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026, annexe IV, familles génériques des naphtoylindoles","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants, Liste verte, 36e édition (2025), substances psychotropes de la convention de 1971, absence du JWH-094","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"}]},"pharmacokinetics":null,"metabolism":null,"detection":null,"subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":5},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":5},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":8},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":8},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":5}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":false},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":true,"bannerTextFr":"Aucune dose humaine caractérisée : données animales / in vitro uniquement. Profil d'effet, marge de sécurité et toxicité aiguë non documentés en clinique humaine.","toxicologyFr":null},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":"unscheduled","scheduleLabel":"Unscheduled","frScheduleStatus":"controlled-clause","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"No harmonised control measure at European Union level has been identified for this compound in the sources consulted: control therefore falls to national legislation. JWH-094 does not appear on the Green List (36th edition, 2025) of the International Narcotics Control Board, which reproduces the psychotropic substances of the 1971 Convention.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"Not named on the consolidated list of substances classified as narcotics (updated 16 February 2026), which names JWH-015, methylated at position 2 but without a methoxy group, and JWH-081, methoxylated at position 4 but carrying a pentyl chain. The generic definition 'Indol-3-yl methanone' in annex IV covers an indol-3-yl methanone bearing an alkyl substituent on the indole nitrogen and, on the carbon of the methanone bridge, a naphthyl group, substituted or not. JWH-094 meets both conditions: a propyl group on the nitrogen, and a naphthyl group, here methoxylated, on the carbonyl at position 3 of the indole. Classification therefore rests on the generic clause, not on a listing by name.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"De Freitas GB et coll., modèles CoMFA et CoMSIA d'affinité et de sélectivité pour les ligands indoliques CB1 et CB2, Eur J Med Chem, 2009","pmid":"19249138","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19249138/"},{"label":"Huffman JW et coll., relations structure-activité des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles sur les récepteurs CB1 et CB2, Bioorg Med Chem, 2005","pmid":"15582455","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15582455/"},{"label":"Wiley JL et coll., synthèse et pharmacologie des 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphtoyl)indoles halogénés, Bioorg Med Chem, 2012 (effet du méthoxy en position 4 rapporté d'après Huffman et coll., 2005)","pmid":"22341572","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22341572/"},{"label":"ChEMBL, composé CHEMBL550949 (JWH-094), activités de liaison CB1 et CB2","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/api/data/activity.json?molecule_chembl_id=CHEMBL550949"},{"label":"PubChem, Compound Summary CID 45272115, JWH-094","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/45272115"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026, annexe IV, familles génériques des naphtoylindoles","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"Organe international de contrôle des stupéfiants, Liste verte, 36e édition (2025), substances psychotropes de la convention de 1971, absence du JWH-094","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"}],"meta":{"slug":"jwh-094","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/jwh-094","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-10-13","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":90,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}