{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"KVTFEOAKFFQCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N","prefName":"N-palmitoylglycine","symbol":"PalGly","iupacName":"2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid","aliases":["PalGly","N-palmitoyl glycine","palmitoylglycine","N-hexadécanoylglycine"],"cas":null,"pubchemCid":"151008","chebiId":null,"smiles":"CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC(=O)O","molecularFormula":"C18H35NO3","molecularWeight":313.5,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/151008"}},"classification":{"family":"endocannabinoide","familyLabel":"Endocannabinoid","origin":"natural","originLabel":"Naturel","structuralClassFr":"N-acylglycine à chaîne saturée en seize carbones. La famille des lipoaminoacides associe un acide gras à un acide aminé par une liaison amide ; la N-arachidonoylglycine en est le prototype, avec sa chaîne polyinsaturée à vingt carbones. La N-palmitoylglycine en est l'homologue saturé, ce qui explique qu'elle partage la cible GPR132 sans partager la parenté structurale avec l'anandamide qui vaut à la N-arachidonoylglycine son affinité pour l'entourage cannabinoïde."},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Biosynthetic pathway (in vivo)","summaryFr":"Conjugation of a saturated sixteen-carbon fatty acid, palmitic acid, with glycine, by the same enzyme systems that produce the other N-acylglycines. That route is distinct from the one leading to N-acylethanolamines such as anandamide, where it is ethanolamine and not an amino acid that carries the amide function.","originNote":"An endogenous mammalian lipid, present in most tissues and notably concentrated in skin and spinal cord. It belongs to the lipoamino acid family, the saturated congener of N-arachidonoylglycine, and comes from no plant source.","discovered":"Identifié en 2008 par Rimmerman et collaborateurs, à partir d'une hypothèse simple : puisque des enzymes conjuguent les acides gras à la glycine et que l'acide palmitique est très abondant dans le cerveau, la N-palmitoylglycine devait exister à l'état endogène. Le composé a été partiellement purifié à partir d'extraits lipidiques de rat, puis identifié par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol. Il s'est révélé particulièrement abondant dans la peau et la moelle épinière."},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"N-palmitoylglycine is an endogenous lipoamino acid, the saturated congener of N-arachidonoylglycine within the N-acylglycine family. Rimmerman and colleagues (2008) identified it in rat lipid extracts after postulating its existence from the availability of its two building blocks, palmitic acid and glycine, and found it at high levels in skin and spinal cord. In sensory neurons it acts as a modulator of calcium entry and nitric oxide production, which places it within sensory signalling rather than in cannabinoid neurotransmission proper. Its best characterised molecular target is the lipid receptor GPR132, also called G2A: Foster and colleagues (2019) show that it is the most potent activator among the N-acylamides tested, at concentrations that tissues genuinely reach. It does not directly activate CB1 and CB2 receptors: its interest lies in the lipid entourage of the endocannabinoid system, where the acylglycines exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, inhibition of T-type calcium channels having been proposed as a mechanism common to this class.","receptorSummaryFr":"It does not act as a direct agonist of CB1 or CB2 receptors: N-palmitoylglycine belongs to the lipid entourage of the endocannabinoid system rather than to its canonical ligands. Its best established identified target is the lipid receptor GPR132, also called G2A: Foster and colleagues (2019) place it at the head of the potency order of N-acylamides at that receptor, ahead of 9-HODE and N-linoleoylglycine, at physiologically attainable tissue concentrations. In sensory neurons it modulates calcium entry and nitric oxide production.","binding":[{"target":"GPR132 (G2A)","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":70,"reported":null,"confidence":"low"}],"references":[{"label":"Rimmerman et coll. 2008 : identification de la N-palmitoylglycine et modulation du calcium neuronal","pmid":"18424551","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424551/"},{"label":"Foster et coll. 2019 : les N-acylamides activent le récepteur lipidique G2A/GPR132","pmid":"31768260","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31768260/"},{"label":"Inhibition des canaux calciques de type T par les lipoaminoacides endogènes (2009)","pmid":"19846698","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19846698/"}]},"pharmacokinetics":"Molécule endogène : la notion de biodisponibilité ne s'applique pas de la même façon qu'à une substance administrée. Les concentrations tissulaires mesurées chez le rongeur sont les plus élevées dans la peau et la moelle épinière, et Foster et collaborateurs soulignent qu'elles suffisent à activer le récepteur GPR132, argument central en faveur d'un rôle physiologique réel plutôt que d'une simple activité pharmacologique observable in vitro.","metabolism":"Comme les autres N-acylamides, elle est hydrolysée en acide palmitique et glycine par les amidases lipidiques. La régulation de son niveau tissulaire dépend donc à la fois de sa synthèse conjugative et de cette dégradation, mécanisme parallèle à celui qui gouverne les niveaux d'anandamide sous le contrôle de la FAAH.","detection":"Dosée en recherche par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, dans le cadre des analyses lipidomiques du système endocannabinoïde. Elle n'a aucune place en toxicologie de dépistage : étant endogène, sa présence ne signe aucune consommation.","subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":40},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":20},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":25},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":15},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":15}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":true},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":false,"bannerTextFr":null,"toxicologyFr":"Aucune toxicité propre documentée : il s'agit d'un constituant normal des tissus des mammifères, présent chez tout individu. Aucune exposition exogène n'est décrite et aucun cas d'intoxication ne lui est attribué."},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":"endogenous","scheduleLabel":"Endogenous","frScheduleStatus":"endogenous","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"No control at Union level or under the international conventions: this is a normal lipid constituent of animal tissues, used as a research reagent.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"An endogenous mammalian molecule, with no narcotic status and no listing in Annex IV of the arrêté of 22 February 1990. It is naturally present in everyone's body and is subject to no restriction.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"Rimmerman et coll. 2008 : identification de la N-palmitoylglycine et modulation du calcium neuronal","pmid":"18424551","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424551/"},{"label":"Foster et coll. 2019 : les N-acylamides activent le récepteur lipidique G2A/GPR132","pmid":"31768260","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31768260/"},{"label":"Inhibition des canaux calciques de type T par les lipoaminoacides endogènes (2009)","pmid":"19846698","doi":null,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19846698/"}],"meta":{"slug":"palgly","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/palgly","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-08-14","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":80,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}