{"schemaVersion":"cwiki-fiche-1.0","identifiers":{"inchiKey":"WUPURSKTAUGQRZ-PWCSWUJKSA-N","prefName":"ZYN-001","symbol":"ZYN-001","iupacName":"[(6aR,10aR)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-yl] 2,3-dihydroxypropanoate","aliases":["ZYN001","Zyn001","Δ9-THC D-glyceric acid ester","THC prodrug"],"cas":"1159421-39-2","pubchemCid":"153257813","chebiId":null,"smiles":"CCCCCc1cc(OC(=O)C(O)CO)c2c(c1)OC(C)(C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=C[C@@H]21","molecularFormula":"C24H34O5","molecularWeight":402.5,"xrefs":{"pubchem":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/153257813"}},"classification":{"family":"semisynthetique","familyLabel":"Semi-synthetic cannabinoid","origin":"semisynthetic","originLabel":"Semi-synthétique","structuralClassFr":null},"originSynthesis":{"heading":"Route of preparation (chemical process)","summaryFr":"No biosynthetic pathway: ZYN-001 is a synthetic derivative, obtained by an esterification reaction. Only the class of reaction is described here.","originNote":"ZYN-001 is a synthetic molecule derived from Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) by esterifying its phenol group with glyceric acid. The American company Zynerba Pharmaceuticals developed it as a THC prodrug, in the form of a transdermal patch. None of the sources consulted describes it as a natural constituent of cannabis.","discovered":""},"pharmacology":{"summaryFr":"ZYN-001 is a glyceric ester of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), presented by the American company Zynerba Pharmaceuticals as a THC prodrug and administered by transdermal patch. A review by Stella et al. (2021) reports that its phase I trial, conducted in Australia for fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain, did not reach the target blood THC concentrations of 5 to 15 ng/mL, with a patch dosed at 36 mg. Development was abandoned, and according to Wikipedia (tertiary source) the molecule was never marketed. No affinity constant for CB1 or CB2 is published for the intact molecule, and no published human result beyond this finding was found. In France, it is explicitly covered by the list of narcotics as an ester of THC.","receptorSummaryFr":"ZYN-001 is presented as a prodrug of Δ9-THC (Stella et al., 2021). Wikipedia lists it among agonists of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, without numerical values (tertiary source). No binding constant or functional measurement for the intact molecule was found in the sources consulted. Its action on CB1 and CB2 would therefore depend on the amount of THC released, which is not documented.","binding":[{"target":"CB1","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":20,"reported":"aucune constante d'affinité publiée ; agoniste attribué par Wikipédia (repère tertiaire)","confidence":"medium"},{"target":"CB2","efficacy":"full_agonist","relativeActivity":20,"reported":"aucune constante d'affinité publiée ; agoniste attribué par Wikipédia (repère tertiaire)","confidence":"medium"}],"references":[{"label":"Stella et coll., Cannabinoid Formulations and Delivery Systems: Current and Future Options to Treat Pain, Drugs 2021","pmid":"34480749","doi":"10.1007/s40265-021-01579-x","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34480749/"},{"label":"Wikipédia (en), article « ZYN-001 » (repère tertiaire)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZYN-001"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (annexe III, entrée « Tétrahydrocannabinols, leurs esters, éthers, sels »)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS, Liste verte, 36e édition 2025 (convention de 1971, tableau I, PT 002 tétrahydrocannabinol et isomères)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"PubChem, CID 153257813 (ZYN-001, identifiants)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/153257813"}]},"pharmacokinetics":null,"metabolism":null,"detection":null,"subjectiveEffects":{"profile":[{"key":"calm","label":"Calm","description":"Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.","intensity":10},{"key":"focus","label":"Clarity","description":"Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.","intensity":5},{"key":"sleep","label":"Sleep","description":"Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.","intensity":5},{"key":"appetite","label":"Appetite","description":"Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).","intensity":5},{"key":"uplift","label":"High","description":"Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.","intensity":5}],"doseRanges":null,"humanDataCharacterised":false},"indications":{"approvedMedicines":[]},"harmProfile":{"unstudiedBanner":true,"bannerTextFr":"Aucune dose humaine caractérisée : données animales / in vitro uniquement. Profil d'effet, marge de sécurité et toxicité aiguë non documentés en clinique humaine.","toxicologyFr":null},"legal":{"scheduleStatus":null,"scheduleLabel":null,"frScheduleStatus":"controlled-named","tiers":[{"jurisdiction":"international","jurisdictionLabel":"International","label":null,"reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"eu","jurisdictionLabel":"Union européenne","label":"No harmonised control measure at European Union level was found for ZYN-001: control is a matter for Member States. Internationally, the INCB Green List (36th edition, 2025) names tetrahydrocannabinol and its isomers but not esters, so the molecule is not explicitly named there.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null},{"jurisdiction":"fr","jurisdictionLabel":"France","label":"ZYN-001 is named in Annex III of the consolidated list of narcotics (updated 16 February 2026), which reproduces Schedules I and II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, under the entry \"Tetrahydrocannabinols, their esters, ethers, salts and salts of the aforementioned derivatives\". ZYN-001 is an ester of Δ9-THC, so it falls under this named entry and its status is that of a narcotic.","reference":null,"url":null,"effectiveDate":null,"lastVerified":"2026-05-01","supersededBy":null}],"sourcesFr":"EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA."},"references":[{"label":"Stella et coll., Cannabinoid Formulations and Delivery Systems: Current and Future Options to Treat Pain, Drugs 2021","pmid":"34480749","doi":"10.1007/s40265-021-01579-x","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34480749/"},{"label":"Wikipédia (en), article « ZYN-001 » (repère tertiaire)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZYN-001"},{"label":"ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (annexe III, entrée « Tétrahydrocannabinols, leurs esters, éthers, sels »)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://ansm.sante.fr/uploads/2026/02/17/20260217-stupefiants-liste-consolidee.pdf"},{"label":"OICS, Liste verte, 36e édition 2025 (convention de 1971, tableau I, PT 002 tétrahydrocannabinol et isomères)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.incb.org/incb/uploads/documents/Psychotropics/forms/greenlist/2026/2510307E.pdf"},{"label":"PubChem, CID 153257813 (ZYN-001, identifiants)","pmid":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/153257813"}],"meta":{"slug":"zyn-001","url":"https://en.phytogrammes.com/wiki/zyn-001","lastVerified":"2026-05-01","dataUpdatedAt":"2026-10-12","confidence":"high","dataCompletenessPct":90,"disclaimerFr":"Contenu éditorial informatif, sans valeur d'avis médical ni juridique. Sources primaires citées par fiche. Réservé aux adultes."}}