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ECS modulator (research)

magnolol

Neolignan from magnolia bark, a micromolar ligand of CB2 (Ki of 1.4 µM).

Unscheduled
Level of detail

Harm-reduction warning

No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.

Receptors and activity

  1. CB2Partial agonist37 out of 100

    Ki 1,4 µM (Pandey et coll., 2023) ; CE50 3,28 µM en AMPc, agoniste partiel (Rempel et coll., 2012) ; aucune activité spécifique en fluorescence (Yip et coll., 2025)

  2. CB1Modulator5 out of 100

    Ki 17,82 µM (Pandey et coll., 2023) ; CE50 18,3 µM en AMPc, activité partielle (Fuchs et coll., 2013) ; aucune activité spécifique en fluorescence (Yip et coll., 2025)

Bar length shows the relative strength of the interaction, as an indication.

Subjective signature

Calm
20 out of 100
Relaxation of body and mind; reduced mental noise without marked drowsiness.
Clarity
10 out of 100
Sustained attention and clear thinking; functional lucidity, not euphoria.
High
10 out of 100
Euphoria and sensory intensity; altered perception of time and space.
Appetite
5 out of 100
Stimulation of hunger and of taste appreciation (the “munchies” effect).
Sleep
15 out of 100
Sedative effect: aids sleep onset and the continuity of deep sleep.
Editorial estimate, not clinical.

Pharmacology

Magnolol (5,5'-diallyl-2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl) is a biphenyl neolignan and the main constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis. Rempel et al. (2012) described its activity at cannabinoid receptors: a CB2-selective partial agonism with an EC50 of 3.28 µM in a cAMP assay, while its reduced metabolite, tetrahydromagnolol, proved more potent (EC50 of 0.170 µM). Pandey et al. (2023) report a Ki of 1.4 µM at CB2 and of 17.82 µM at CB1, by radioligand displacement. Yip et al. (2025), by contrast, observed no specific activity at either receptor in fluorescence assays, while describing an effect on T-type calcium channels and an antiseizure activity in mice. These results, obtained with different methods, do not yet allow a cannabinoid activity to be firmly established.

Key sources.

History

Source
Main constituent of the bark of Magnolia officinalis (Li et al., 2020), known as houpo and used in traditional Chinese medicine (Zhao et al., 2026). It has also been isolated from Magnolia grandiflora seeds (Pandey et al., 2023).

Origin (research tool)

Biosynthetic pathway: magnolol is a biphenyl neolignan. The enzymatic details of its formation are not described in the sources consulted.

References

  1. Pandey et coll., néolignanes de Magnolia grandiflora contre les récepteurs cannabinoïdes et opioïdes, Molecules 2023 (new tab)PMID 36770918
  2. Rempel et coll., extrait de magnolia, magnolol et métabolites : activation des récepteurs CB2 et blocage du GPR55, ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2012 (new tab)PMID 24900561
  3. Fuchs et coll., le magnolol, structure de départ d'agonistes puissants des récepteurs cannabinoïdes, PLoS One 2013 (new tab)PMID 24204944
  4. Yip et coll., molécules de type cannabinoïde issues de plantes non cannabiques et activité antiépileptique chez la souris, Epilepsia 2025 (new tab)PMID 39530840
  5. Zhao et coll., blocage du canal hERG par le magnolol et l'honokiol, Toxicology Letters 2026 (new tab)PMID 42392381
  6. Kim et coll., modulation de l'activité CYP1A et CYP2C hépatique du rat par l'honokiol et le magnolol, Molecules 2018 (new tab)PMID 29914211
  7. Xie et coll., sulfatation du magnolol et effet sur son activité, Metabolites 2022 (new tab)PMID 36144273
  8. Ding et coll., micelles mixtes et biodisponibilité orale du magnolol, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2018 (new tab)PMID 30183380
  9. Li et coll., micelles et nanosuspensions pour la biodisponibilité orale du magnolol, Drug Delivery 2020 (new tab)PMID 32631085
  10. Jiang et coll., contrôle qualité de l'écorce de Magnolia officinalis par RMN du proton et CLHP, Phytochemical Analysis 2012 (new tab)PMID 22025447
  11. Schifano et coll., potentiel de détournement des composés de Magnolia officinalis, Human Psychopharmacology 2017 (new tab)PMID 28517911
  12. Oflaz et Turan, extrait d'écorce de Magnolia officinalis et syndrome métabolique chez le rat, Biochemical Genetics 2026 (new tab)PMID 40986232
  13. PubChem CID 72300 : magnolol (identifiants et masse moléculaire) (new tab)
  14. ANSM, liste consolidée des stupéfiants, mise à jour du 16 février 2026 (new tab)
  15. INCB, Green List 2026 (substances des tableaux de la Convention de 1971) (new tab)

Structured data

SMILES
C=CCC1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C2=C(C=CC(=C2)CC=C)O
InChIKey
VVOAZFWZEDHOOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.