ECS modulator (research)
UnscheduledAR-231453
N-(2-fluoro-4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-nitro-6-[4-(3-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-4-amine
Aliases.AR231453 · AR 231453 · AR-231,453 · CHEMBL461384
The reference agonist of GPR119, the acylethanolamide receptor. A research tool, not a cannabinoid.
Updated on
Level of detail
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₁H₂₄FN₇O₅S
- Molar mass
- 505.15 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 733750-99-7
- PubChem CID
- 24939268
- First described
- 2007, premières données pharmacologiques publiées par Chu et coll. chez Arena Pharmaceuticals ; la série chimique et son optimisation ont été détaillées en 2008 par Semple et coll. dans le Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
- Origin
- Pharmaceutical synthesis, diabetes programme of Arena Pharmaceuticals (San Diego); a laboratory molecule with no natural source and no commercial use.
- InChIKey
- DGBKNTVAKIFYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
AR-231453 is not a cannabinoid: it is a laboratory molecule designed for diabetes research. It activates GPR119, a fat sensor present in the intestine and the pancreas, which also recognises lipids related to the cannabinoids the body makes. It has never been given to humans and is present in no consumer product.
Receptors and activity
- GPR119EC50 ≈ 1,9 nM (GPR119 humain, efficacité ≈ 96 %)Agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm5
- Clarity5
- Sleep5
- Appetite10
- High5
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
AR-231453 is the reference agonist of GPR119, described by the teams at Arena Pharmaceuticals (Chu et al., Endocrinology 2007; Semple et al., J Med Chem 2008). GPR119 is not a cannabinoid receptor in the classical sense, but IUPHAR places it among the orphan receptors that respond to endogenous mediators structurally close to the endocannabinoid ligands, here oleoylethanolamide and the 2-monoacylglycerols arising from dietary triglycerides. Coupled to Gs, this receptor raises cAMP; at the human form, AR-231453 acts with an EC50 of about 1.9 nM and near-maximal efficacy (Engelstoft et al., Br J Pharmacol 2014). In mice, the molecule strengthens glucose-dependent insulin secretion as well as the release of GLP-1 and GIP, effects absent in animals lacking GPR119, which establishes the specificity of the mechanism. No activity at CB1 or CB2 has, by contrast, been reported, and human data are lacking: the compound remained at the preclinical stage.
Key sources.
- Chu · Endocrinology 2007 (GPR119 des cellules bêta, AR231453)PMID 17289847
- Semple · J Med Chem 2008 (découverte de AR231453)PMID 18698756
- Chu · Endocrinology 2008 (GPR119 intestinal, GLP-1 et GIP)PMID 18202141
- Engelstoft · Br J Pharmacol 2014 (pharmacologie moléculaire du GPR119)PMID 25117266
- IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology, récepteurs cannabinoïdes (GPR18, GPR55, GPR119)
- PubChem CID 24939268
Origin (research tool)
A wholly synthetic molecule, with no biosynthetic pathway: a nitropyrimidine derivative from medicinal chemistry, built by nucleophilic aromatic substitution on a pyrimidine core. No occurrence in cannabis or in any living organism.
Legal framework
France
AR-231453 is not a scheduled substance in France: it appears by name on no ANSM list and does not fall within the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990, which covers only the tetrahydrocannabinols, their esters, ethers and salts as well as the salts of these derivatives. That does not make it an authorised product: a research reagent with no marketing authorisation, it has neither food status nor cosmetic status and cannot be sold for human consumption.
European Union
No European scheduling identified: the molecule does not appear in the schedules of the United Nations conventions of 1961 and 1971, has been the subject of no EUDA (formerly EMCDDA) risk assessment and has never received EMA authorisation. It circulates only as a research compound, restricted to the laboratory.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- ECS modulator (research)
- Origin
- Pharmaceutical synthesis, diabetes programme of Arena Pharmaceuticals (San Diego); a laboratory molecule with no natural source and no commercial use.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Nitropyrimidine substituée : noyau pyrimidine nitré relié d'un côté à une aniline fluorée portant un groupe méthylsulfonyle, de l'autre à une pipéridine substituée par un 1,2,4-oxadiazole. Aucun élément de squelette cannabinoïde, ni terpénophénolique, ni indole ou indazole, ni chaîne d'acide gras.
Pharmacokinetics
Actif par voie orale chez le rongeur : une administration orale suffit à modifier le test de tolérance au glucose chez la souris (Semple et coll. 2008), et la hausse du GLP-1 actif apparaît en quelques minutes après une charge orale de glucose (Chu et coll. 2008). Aucune donnée de pharmacocinétique humaine n'a été publiée, la molécule n'étant pas entrée en essai clinique.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicologie n'a été publiée sur AR-231453 et le composé n'a jamais été administré à l'homme ; les travaux disponibles sont des études d'efficacité chez le rongeur, qui ne documentent pas la sécurité. Les auteurs soulignent que la stimulation de l'insuline reste dépendante du glucose, ce qui limiterait en théorie le risque hypoglycémique, mais il s'agit d'une observation animale et non d'une donnée de sécurité humaine.
References
- 1.Chu · Endocrinology 2007 (GPR119 des cellules bêta, AR231453)PMID 17289847
- 2.Semple · J Med Chem 2008 (découverte de AR231453)PMID 18698756
- 3.Chu · Endocrinology 2008 (GPR119 intestinal, GLP-1 et GIP)PMID 18202141
- 4.Engelstoft · Br J Pharmacol 2014 (pharmacologie moléculaire du GPR119)PMID 25117266
- 5.IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology, récepteurs cannabinoïdes (GPR18, GPR55, GPR119)
- 6.PubChem CID 24939268
Structured data
- InChIKey
- DGBKNTVAKIFYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- CC(C)C1=NOC(=N1)C2CCN(CC2)C3=C(C(=NC=N3)NC4=C(C=C(C=C4)S(=O)(=O)C)F)[N+](=O)[O-]
- Formula
- C21H24FN7O5S
- Molar mass
- 505.15 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 733750-99-7
- PubChem CID
- 24939268
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.