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From the plant

CBGVACannabigerovarinic acid

Propyl-chain acid produced by cannabis, precursor of the varins (THCVA, CBDVA).

Unscheduled
Level of detail

C₂₀H₂₈O₄

CAS 64924-07-8

Family
PhytocannabinoidMinor
Origin
Biosynthesis (plant)
Molar mass
332.40 g/mol

Updated on

In plain terms

CBGVA is the starting acid of the « varins », cannabinoids whose side chain has three carbons instead of five. The plant makes it and then turns it into THCVA or CBDVA; when heated, it becomes CBGV. What is known about its activity comes from studies on cells and mice, not on humans.

Receptors and activity

Target network

GPR55AntagonistIC50 = 8 µM · not specified (HEK-293 cells)Inhibition of ML-186-induced ERK phosphorylation (EC80), AlphaScreen, HEK-293 expressing GPR55
  • Blocks or inhibits

The lower the cited value, the closer the target sits to CBGVA: one ring per factor of 100. A target with no measured value stays on the edge.

Where these targets live

Where each target has been found in humans, according to the cited studies. The map shows the target, not an effect of CBGVA.

Brain, side view
Body, front view
Blood

GPR55GPR55 found in 4 regions of the body

  1. Basal gangliapresentmRNA found in the caudate nucleus and putamen1
  2. BonepresentOsteoclasts and osteoblasts2
  3. Adipose tissuepresentExpressed in visceral adipose tissue3
  4. LiverpresentExpressed in the liver3

Map sources

  1. Sawzdargo M et al. Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, PsiGPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 1999 (new tab)
  2. Whyte LS et al. The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 affects osteoclast function in vitro and bone mass in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009 (new tab)
  3. Moreno-Navarrete JM et al. The L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol/GPR55 system and its potential role in human obesity. Diabetes, 2012 (new tab)

Cited values

  1. Cav3.2 (canal calcique de type T)AntagonistIC50 = 2 µM · human28 out of 100

    Udoh et al. 2022, Front Pharmacol (new tab) · Blockade of calcium influx (fluorescence), HEK-293 cells expressing Cav3.2

  2. Cav3.1 (canal calcique de type T)AntagonistIC50 = 3 µM · human25 out of 100

    Udoh et al. 2022, Front Pharmacol (new tab) · Patch-clamp, Cav3.1 current in HEK-293 cells (6 µM in fluorescence assay)

  3. GPR55AntagonistIC50 = 8 µM · not specified (HEK-293 cells)18 out of 100

    Udoh et al. 2022, Front Pharmacol (new tab) · Inhibition of ML-186-induced ERK phosphorylation (EC80), AlphaScreen, HEK-293 expressing GPR55

Bar length follows the measured value (Ki, Kd, EC50 or IC50), on one scale shared by every entry, from 100 µM to 0.1 nM. A target with no cited value has no bar.

Measured effects

Not characterised. No placebo-controlled human trial has measured the effects of CBGVA, so no level is shown.

Levels computed from placebo-controlled human trials: difference from placebo on 100, at the dose and route stated. Read the method

Pharmacology

Cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA) is the CBG-type acid with a propyl (C3) side chain. Isolated in 1977 from a Thai « Meao variant » cannabis (Shoyama et al.), it is formed by the plant from divarinolic acid and geranyl pyrophosphate (Walsh 2021), then cyclised into THCVA and CBDVA, a pathway reconstituted in yeast (Luo 2019); when heated, it decarboxylates to CBGV. No CB1 or CB2 affinity has been published. On human T-type calcium channels, it inhibited Cav3.2 (IC50 = 2 µM) and Cav3.1 (IC50 = 6 µM by fluorescence, 3 µM by patch clamp), and behaved as a low-potency GPR55 antagonist (IC50 = 8 µM) (Udoh 2022). In Scn1a+/- mice, a model of Dravet syndrome, an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg raised the temperature threshold for a generalised tonic-clonic seizure (Anderson 2021); its passage into the brain is low (brain/plasma ratio of 4%). No human data are available.

Key sources.

History

Source
Cannabis sativa L.: produced by the plant in acid form, from divarinolic acid (Walsh et al. 2021); isolated from a Thai « Meao variant » cannabis (Shoyama et al. 1977). When heated, it decarboxylates to cannabigerovarin (CBGV).

Biosynthetic pathway

The plant forms CBGVA from divarinolic acid, the three-carbon homologue of olivetolic acid, and geranyl pyrophosphate, through a geranyltransferase (Walsh et al. 2021). CBGVA is the precursor of the propyl-chain cannabinoids: THCA synthase and CBDA synthase cyclise it into THCVA and CBDVA, a pathway that Luo et al. (2019) reconstituted in yeast. It then decarboxylates without an enzyme, under the effect of heat, to cannabigerovarin (CBGV).

Classification

Family, origin and source verification

Family

Phytocannabinoid › Minor

Presence in the plant

Enzymatic biosynthesis in the plant

Chemistry

Type CBG · C3 side chain · acid form

Verification

Every fact on this entry was checked against its primary sources on 20 October 2026.

Wikipedia (English)

No dedicated article.

References

  1. Shoyama Y. et al. 1977, Chem Pharm Bull 25:2306-2311: isolation and structure of four propyl-chain cannabinoid acids (THCVA, CBDVA, CBCVA, CBGVA) (new tab)DOI 10.1248/cpb.25.2306
  2. Walsh K.B. et al. 2021, Front Pharmacol 12:777804: biosynthesis and pharmacology of minor cannabinoids (new tab)PMID 34916950
  3. Luo X. et al. 2019, Nature 567:123-126: complete biosynthesis of cannabinoids, including THCVA and CBDVA, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (new tab)PMID 30814733
  4. Radwan M.M. et al. 2021, Molecules 26:2774: inventory of cannabinoids, CBG-type subclass (new tab)PMID 34066753
  5. Udoh M. et al. 2022, Front Pharmacol 13:1048259: CBGVA and CBDVA inhibit T-type calcium channels and GPR55 (new tab)PMID 36386164
  6. Anderson L.L. et al. 2021, Br J Pharmacol 178:4826-4841: CBGA, CBDVA and CBGVA anticonvulsant in Scn1a+/- mice (new tab)PMID 34384142
  7. Anderson L.L. et al. 2019, J Nat Prod 82:3047-3055: pharmacokinetics of phytocannabinoid acids in mice (new tab)PMID 31686510
  8. PubChem CID 59444383: cannabigerovarinic acid (identifiers) (new tab)
  9. ANSM, consolidated list of substances classified as narcotics, updated 26/06/2026 (new tab)

Identifiers

Names

Common name
Cannabigerovarinic acid
IUPAC name
3-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-6-propylbenzoic acid
Other names
CBGV-A · CBGVA

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₀H₂₈O₄
CAS
64924-07-8
PubChem CID
59444383(new tab)
InChIKey
FAVCTJGKHFHFHJ-GXDHUFHOSA-N
SMILES
CCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1C(=O)O)O)C/C=C(\C)/CCC=C(C)C)O

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.