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Synthetic

5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE

Synthetic cannabinoid with a gamma-carbolinone core, a sub-nanomolar CB1 agonist associated with several deaths in Germany.

Narcotic: named in schedule
Level of detail

Harm-reduction warning

No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.

C₂₅H₂₇FN₂O

CAS 2377403-49-9

Family
Synthetic CB receptor agonistNew psychoactive substance
Molar mass
390.50 g/mol

Updated on

In plain terms

5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE is a synthetic cannabinoid made in a laboratory, detected in Germany in 2017 when no national law yet controlled it. It does not exist in hemp and has nothing to do with cannabidiol. In laboratory assays it activates the CB1 receptor more strongly than JWH-018, a reference synthetic cannabinoid, and it is classified as a narcotic in France.

Receptors and activity

Target network

CB1AgonistSub-nanomolar EC50 for recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and of a modified G protein; relative efficacy about three-fold (β-arrestin 2) and almost two-fold (mini-Gαi) that of JWH-018; individual value not given in the abstract (Janssens et al. 2020)
  • Activates

The lower the cited value, the closer the target sits to 5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE: one ring per factor of 100. A target with no measured value stays on the edge.

Where these targets live

Where each target has been found in humans, according to the cited studies. The map shows the target, not an effect of 5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE.

Brain, side view
Body, front view
Blood

CB1CB1 found in 7 regions of the body

  1. Basal gangliadenseMost dense in basal ganglia outflow nuclei1
  2. CerebellumdenseVery dense in the cerebellum1
  3. HippocampusdenseVery high concentrations in the hippocampus2
  4. AmygdaladenseHigh concentrations in the amygdala2
  5. CortexpresentPresent throughout the neocortex2
  6. Adipose tissuepresentExpressed in adipose tissue3
  7. GutpresentColonic epithelium, smooth muscle and plexus4

Map sources

  1. Herkenham M et al. Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1990 (new tab)
  2. Glass M et al. Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience, 1997 (new tab)
  3. Engeli S et al. Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity. Diabetes, 2005 (new tab)
  4. Wright K et al. Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing. Gastroenterology, 2005 (new tab)

Cited values

  1. CB1Agonistno measured value cited

    Sub-nanomolar EC50 for recruitment of β-arrestin 2 and of a modified G protein; relative efficacy about three-fold (β-arrestin 2) and almost two-fold (mini-Gαi) that of JWH-018; individual value not given in the abstract (Janssens et al. 2020)

Bar length follows the measured value (Ki, Kd, EC50 or IC50), on one scale shared by every entry, from 100 µM to 0.1 nM. A target with no cited value has no bar.

Pharmacology

5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE belongs to a rare architecture among synthetic cannabinoids: instead of an open amide bridge between the indole and the cumyl head, the amide is built into a fused ring, forming a γ-carbolinone core (pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-one). Janssens et al. (2020) report that Cumyl-PEGACLONE and its fluorinated form, detected in Germany in 2016 and 2017, were not controlled by national legislation upon first detection and were linked to several deaths. In their β-arrestin 2 and modified G protein recruitment assays, both compounds activate CB1 with sub-nanomolar EC50 values and an efficacy higher than that of JWH-018 (threefold in the first assay, almost twofold in the second); fluorination does not increase intrinsic CB1 activation. Mogler et al. (2019) identified 15 metabolites in vivo, six of them shared with the non-fluorinated compound. In isolated perfused rat hearts, Esdar et al. (2024) observe no statistically clear difference from controls but note isolated cases of ST depression and QT prolongation. No controlled study in human beings was found.

Key sources.

History

Source
A wholly synthetic molecule, absent from hemp and from every living organism. It was first detected in Germany in 2017, at a time when neither it nor Cumyl-PEGACLONE (detected in 2016) was controlled by national legislation, and both were linked to several deaths (Janssens et al. 2020). None of this has anything to do with hemp or with cannabidiol products.

Origin

Laboratory synthesis

No known biosynthetic pathway: the molecule is produced by no plant and no living organism. It is entirely synthetic in origin and belongs to the chemical family of the γ-carbolinones (pegaclones).

Classification

Family, origin and source verification

Family

Synthetic CB receptor agonist › New psychoactive substance

Class

gamma-carbolinone (pegaclone)

Verification

Classification, sources and binding values checked on 20 October 2026; text read against its sources and Wikipedia.

Wikipedia (English)

5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE (new tab)

Article paired by the molecule's structure (InChIKey), revision read on 19 October 2026. Read as a second opinion, never cited as a source.

References

  1. Janssens L, Cannaert A, Connolly MJ, Liu H, Stove CP. In vitro activity profiling of Cumyl-PEGACLONE variants at the CB1 receptor: Fluorination versus isomer exploration. Drug Test Anal. 2020;12(9):1336-1343 (new tab)PMID 32490586
  2. Mogler L, Halter S, Wilde M, Franz F, Auwärter V. Human phase I metabolism of the novel synthetic cannabinoid 5F-CUMYL-PEGACLONE. Forensic Toxicol. 2019;37:154-163 (new tab)PMID 30636984
  3. Esdar N, Pawlik E, Eickhoff SB, Raupach A, Ritz-Timme S, Mayer F. Cardiac effects of 5F-Cumyl-PEGACLONE. Int J Legal Med. 2024;138(3):823-831 (new tab)PMID 38214738
  4. Norman C, McKirdy B, Walker G, Dugard P, NicDaéid N, McKenzie C. Large-scale evaluation of ion mobility spectrometry for the rapid detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in infused papers in prisons. Drug Test Anal. 2021;13(3):644-663 (new tab)PMID 33058556
  5. Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA, consolidated version of 12.01.2026 (annex: substances subject to Union control) (new tab)

Identifiers

Names

IUPAC name
5-(5-fluoropentyl)-2-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)pyrido[4,3-b]indol-1-one
Other names
SGT-269 · 5F-SGT-151 · 5-Fluoro cumyl-pegaclone

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₅H₂₇FN₂O
CAS
2377403-49-9
PubChem CID
134818048(new tab)
InChIKey
SMRRORRDOWXERZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CC(C)(C1=CC=CC=C1)N2C=CC3=C(C2=O)C4=CC=CC=C4N3CCCCCF

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.