Semi-synthetic cannabinoid
Unscheduled9-nor-9b-HHC9-nor-9beta-hydroxy-hexahydrocannabinol
6,6-dimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydrobenzo[c]chromene-1,9-diol
Aliases.9-nor-9b-OH-HHC · 9-nor-9β-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol · 9-Hydroxy-9-norhexahydrocannabinol · 9-nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol · bêta-HHC
A laboratory cannabinoid from the 1970s, a CB1 agonist, chemical forerunner of CP-55,940.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₀H₃₀O₃
- Molar mass
- 318.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 52171-85-4
- PubChem CID
- 6452587
- First described
- Décrite en 1976 par Raymond S. Wilson et Everette L. May, chimistes des instituts nationaux de santé américains, dans une série visant la structure la plus simple conservant une activité de type cannabis. Les deux épimères en position 9, alpha et bêta, ont été préparés et comparés. La molécule est ensuite devenue le point de départ du programme antidouleur des laboratoires Pfizer, qui a conduit au CP-47,497, puis au CP-55,940 et au lévonantradol.
- Origin
- A laboratory molecule, absent from hemp and never isolated from a plant. It arises from a deliberate simplification of the tetrahydrocannabinol scaffold: the methyl borne by carbon 9 has been removed and a hydroxyl placed directly on that carbon, on a saturated central ring. The result therefore belongs to the hexahydrocannabinol family, and not to that of the THCs.
- InChIKey
- AAIHVZNCFQTVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
9-nor-9beta-HHC is a laboratory molecule, born in the 1970s out of an attempt to simplify the structure of THC. It does not exist in hemp and has never been sold as a consumer product: it served as the starting point for research into painkillers. In animals it produces effects close to those of cannabis, but no study has been carried out in human beings.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Agonist
- CB2Agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm15
- Clarity5
- Sleep15
- Appetite10
- High12
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
9-nor-9beta-HHC behaves as an agonist at the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, in the line of the classical cannabinoids with a benzo[c]chromene ring. Its distinctive feature lies in its simplification: the methyl at carbon 9 is absent and the hydroxyl is borne directly by the ring, which reproduces the alcohol function of the active metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC while removing the corresponding site of oxidation. Wilson and May showed in 1976 that the stereochemistry of this hydroxyl is decisive: the beta epimer, equatorial, is analgesic in the mouse, whereas the alpha epimer is not, although both alter the behaviour of the dog. Bloom and colleagues measured in 1977 an antinociceptive potency close to that of morphine in the tail-flick test, without cross-tolerance with morphine and without substitution in the dependent monkey, which rules out an opioid mechanism. Hypotension and bradycardia have moreover been reported in the anaesthetised dog. The historical interest of the molecule is above all chemical: its simplification led to CP-47,497, then to CP-55,940 and to levonantradol. Human data are entirely lacking, no study of pharmacokinetics, metabolism or tolerance in human beings having been published, and no numerical receptor affinity being accessible.
Key sources.
- Wilson RS, May EL. 9-Nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols. Synthesis, some behavioral and analgesic properties, and comparison with the tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem. 1976;19(9):1165-7.PMID 978681
- Bloom AS, Dewey WL, Harris LS, Brosius KK. 9-nor-9beta-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid with potent antinociceptive activity: comparisons with morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977;200(2):263-70.PMID 839438
- Martin BR, Dewey WL, Aceto MD, et al. A potent antinociceptive cannabinoid which lacks opiate substitution properties in monkeys. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1977;16(1):187-90.PMID 402685
- Johnson MR, Althuis TH, Bindra JS, et al. Potent analgetics derived from 9-nor-9 beta-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol. NIDA Res Monogr. 1981;34:68-74.PMID 6111753
- Melvin LS, Johnson MR, Harbert CA, Milne GM, Weissman A. A cannabinoid derived prototypical analgesic. J Med Chem. 1984;27(1):67-71.PMID 6690685
- Berglund BA, Fleming PR, Rice KC, et al. Development of a novel class of monocyclic and bicyclic alkyl amides that exhibit CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor affinity and receptor activation. Drug Des Discov. 2000;16(4):281-94.PMID 10807034
- PubChem, 9-Hydroxy-9-norhexahydrocannabinol, CID 6452587 (formule, masse, nom IUPAC, InChIKey).
- ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants (clause générique benzo[c]chromène, décision du 22 mai 2024 ; HHC, HHCO et HHCP, décision du 12 juin 2023), mise à jour du 26 juin 2026.
- ANSM, L'ANSM classe l'hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) et deux de ses dérivés sur la liste des stupéfiants, 12 juin 2023.
- UNODC, CND 68 Concludes: Six New Substances Controlled (inscription du HHC au tableau II de la convention de 1971), mars 2025.
Route of preparation (chemical process)
No known biosynthetic pathway: this molecule is produced by no living organism. It belongs entirely to synthetic chemistry applied to the classical cannabinoid scaffold, with no involvement of the hemp enzymes.
Legal framework
France
This molecule is named in no ANSM decision, unlike HHC, HHC acetate and HHCP, which were placed on the narcotics list by the decision of 12 June 2023. It does, however, come within the scope of the generic clause added to annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 by the decision of 22 May 2024, which covers any substance derived from the benzo[c]chromene ring, hydrogenated or not on ring A, bearing a hydroxyl at position 1, an alkyl chain at position 3 and two alkyl groups at position 6. The French status is therefore that of a narcotic captured by a generic clause, and not by listing under its own name. The so-called tetrahydrocannabinols clause does not apply here, the molecule being neither a THC nor an ester, ether or salt of THC.
European Union
No Union instrument covers this molecule, which does not appear among the substances notified to the European early warning system or under Community control measures. Control is therefore a matter for each Member State, several having adopted generic clauses covering the hydrogenated cannabinoids. Internationally, only HHC itself was added to Schedule II of the 1971 Convention by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs in March 2025, a decision that came into force on 6 December 2025; 9-nor-9beta-HHC does not appear there.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- Semi-synthetic cannabinoid
- Origin
- A laboratory molecule, absent from hemp and never isolated from a plant. It arises from a deliberate simplification of the tetrahydrocannabinol scaffold: the methyl borne by carbon 9 has been removed and a hydroxyl placed directly on that carbon, on a saturated central ring. The result therefore belongs to the hexahydrocannabinol family, and not to that of the THCs.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Cannabinoïde classique de type hexahydrocannabinol : noyau benzo[c]chromène tricyclique dont le cycle carbocyclique est saturé, hydroxyle phénolique en position 1, chaîne pentyle en position 3, gem-diméthyle en position 6 et hydroxyle secondaire d'orientation bêta en position 9, sans le méthyle angulaire présent sur le THC.
Pharmacokinetics
Aucune donnée de pharmacocinétique humaine n'a été publiée. Les travaux animaux ont employé les voies sous-cutanée et intraveineuse, avec des effets analgésiques mesurés une à deux heures après administration chez la souris et le rat, ce qui traduit une entrée rapide dans le système nerveux central. La demi-vie, la biodisponibilité et le volume de distribution restent inconnus.
Metabolism
Le métabolisme de cette molécule n'a pas été étudié pour lui-même. Sa conception visait justement à supprimer l'oxydation du méthyle en position 9, voie majeure du THC vers le 11-hydroxy-THC ; l'hydroxyle secondaire porté par le cycle reste en revanche un site attendu de conjugaison. Ces éléments relèvent de l'inférence structurale et non de résultats expérimentaux publiés.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune évaluation toxicologique moderne n'existe pour cette molécule et aucun cas d'intoxication humaine n'a été rapporté, ce qui reflète son absence du marché plutôt qu'une innocuité démontrée. Les seuls signaux disponibles proviennent des travaux des années soixante-dix : dépression de l'activité spontanée chez la souris, ataxie et prostration après administration intraveineuse chez le chien, hypotension et bradycardie chez le chien anesthésié. Comme pour tout agoniste CB1 puissant, les risques attendus sont ceux des cannabinoïdes de synthèse : tachycardie, anxiété aiguë, confusion, vomissements.
Detection and analysis
Aucune méthode analytique dédiée n'a été publiée et aucun étalon de référence n'est couramment distribué en toxicologie médico-légale pour cette molécule. Son identification supposerait une chromatographie liquide ou gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse, avec un risque de confusion entre les épimères alpha et bêta, qui partagent la même masse.
References
- 1.Wilson RS, May EL. 9-Nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols. Synthesis, some behavioral and analgesic properties, and comparison with the tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem. 1976;19(9):1165-7.PMID 978681
- 2.Bloom AS, Dewey WL, Harris LS, Brosius KK. 9-nor-9beta-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid with potent antinociceptive activity: comparisons with morphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977;200(2):263-70.PMID 839438
- 3.Martin BR, Dewey WL, Aceto MD, et al. A potent antinociceptive cannabinoid which lacks opiate substitution properties in monkeys. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1977;16(1):187-90.PMID 402685
- 4.Johnson MR, Althuis TH, Bindra JS, et al. Potent analgetics derived from 9-nor-9 beta-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol. NIDA Res Monogr. 1981;34:68-74.PMID 6111753
- 5.Melvin LS, Johnson MR, Harbert CA, Milne GM, Weissman A. A cannabinoid derived prototypical analgesic. J Med Chem. 1984;27(1):67-71.PMID 6690685
- 6.Berglund BA, Fleming PR, Rice KC, et al. Development of a novel class of monocyclic and bicyclic alkyl amides that exhibit CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor affinity and receptor activation. Drug Des Discov. 2000;16(4):281-94.PMID 10807034
- 7.PubChem, 9-Hydroxy-9-norhexahydrocannabinol, CID 6452587 (formule, masse, nom IUPAC, InChIKey).
- 8.ANSM, liste consolidée des substances classées comme stupéfiants (clause générique benzo[c]chromène, décision du 22 mai 2024 ; HHC, HHCO et HHCP, décision du 12 juin 2023), mise à jour du 26 juin 2026.
- 9.ANSM, L'ANSM classe l'hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) et deux de ses dérivés sur la liste des stupéfiants, 12 juin 2023.
- 10.UNODC, CND 68 Concludes: Six New Substances Controlled (inscription du HHC au tableau II de la convention de 1971), mars 2025.
Structured data
- InChIKey
- AAIHVZNCFQTVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- CCCCCC1=CC2=C(C3CC(CCC3C(O2)(C)C)O)C(=C1)O
- Formula
- C20H30O3
- Molar mass
- 318.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 52171-85-4
- PubChem CID
- 6452587
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.