Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)
UnscheduledAM-1714
1,9-dihydroxy-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)benzo[c]chromen-6-one
Aliases.AM1714 · AM 1714 · 3-(1,1-Dimethylheptyl)-1,9-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one
A laboratory cannabilactone, a highly selective CB2 receptor agonist, with no human data whatsoever.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₂H₂₆O₄
- Molar mass
- 354.18 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 335371-37-4
- PubChem CID
- 9950486
- First described
- Décrite en 2007 dans le Journal of Medicinal Chemistry par Khanolkar, Lu, Ibrahim et leurs collègues du laboratoire d'Alexandros Makriyannis, sous le code interne AM-1714. Elle y figure comme chef de file de la famille des cannabilactones, aux côtés de son analogue 9-méthoxylé AM-1710.
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, absent from cannabis and from every living organism. It was prepared in a university laboratory as a pharmacological tool, in order to separate effects mediated by the CB2 receptor from those of the CB1 receptor. It circulates only as a research reagent and has never been formulated for human use.
- InChIKey
- BWKBVEVEQOCSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
AM-1714 is a laboratory molecule, developed by university chemists in the 2000s and entirely absent from hemp. It binds almost exclusively to the CB2 receptor, the one found mainly in immune cells, and only very weakly to the CB1 receptor that carries the psychoactive effects of THC. It has never been studied in human beings and is found in no consumer product.
Receptors and activity
- CB2Ki = 0,82 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, membranes spléniques de souris)Agonist
- CB1Ki = 400 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, synaptosomes de cerveau de rat)Agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm5
- Clarity2
- Sleep2
- Appetite3
- High2
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
AM-1714 belongs to the cannabilactone class, tricyclic cannabinoids close to cannabinol in which the pyran ring is replaced by a lactone. The binding assays published in 2007 give a sub-nanomolar affinity for the CB2 receptor (Ki of 0.82 nM on mouse splenic membranes) against 400 nM for the CB1 receptor (rat brain synaptosomes), that is roughly 490-fold selectivity in favour of CB2; agonist activity is confirmed by inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP and by [35S]GTPγS binding. In a rat model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy, the anti-allodynic effect is abolished by the CB2 antagonist SR144528 but not by the CB1 antagonist SR141716, which establishes mediation by the CB2 receptor. This is the fundamental difference from the synthetic cannabinoids of the black market, which owe their hazard to full agonism at the CB1 receptor where THC is only a partial agonist: AM-1714 has only a weak affinity for CB1 and its intrinsic efficacy at that receptor has not been characterised. The literature stops there. No data exist on TRPV1, GPR55, PPARγ or 5-HT1A, no metabolism or toxicity study has been published, and human data are entirely lacking.
Key sources.
- Khanolkar AD et al., Cannabilactones: a novel class of CB2 selective agonists with peripheral analgesic activity, J Med Chem, 2007PMID 18038967
- Rahn EJ et al., Selective activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors suppresses neuropathic nociception induced by treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in rats, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2008PMID 18664590
- Liu Y et al., Synthesis of Functionalized Cannabilactones, Molecules, 2020PMID 32041131
- Schifano F et al., The e-Psychonauts' Spiced World: assessment of the synthetic cannabinoids' information available online, Curr Neuropharmacol, 2020 (AM-1714 recensee hors listes EUDA et ONUDC)PMID 32116194
- ChEMBL, donnees de liaison du ligand CHEMBL429797 (CB1 et CB2)
- PubChem, fiche du compose CID 9950486 (AM-1714)
Origin (pharmaceutical research → illicit market)
No biological pathway: the molecule derives from no plant or animal precursor. It is obtained by total synthesis of the benzo[c]chromen-6-one skeleton, the route published in 2020 relying on a Suzuki cross-coupling followed by a one-pot demethylation-cyclisation.
Legal framework
France
AM-1714 is named in no French narcotics scheduling decree. It is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, nor an ester, an ether or a salt of tetrahydrocannabinol: the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 therefore does not cover it, and it is genuinely an unscheduled substance rather than one captured by a generic clause. It is authorised for no human use and may be sold only as a laboratory reagent. The absence of scheduling does not amount to safety, and the French lists are revised regularly.
European Union
No European control measure applies to this molecule: it has been the subject neither of a Union risk assessment nor of international scheduling by the UNODC or the WHO. A survey of synthetic cannabinoids mentioned online, published in 2020, places AM-1714 among the compounds discussed on forums, but explicitly outside the lists of the EUDA (formerly the EMCDDA) and of the UNODC. Several member states nevertheless apply generic definitions of synthetic cannabinoids, so that national status may vary.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- Synthetic cannabinoid (SCRA)
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, absent from cannabis and from every living organism. It was prepared in a university laboratory as a pharmacological tool, in order to separate effects mediated by the CB2 receptor from those of the CB1 receptor. It circulates only as a research reagent and has never been formulated for human use.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Cannabilactone : squelette 6H-benzo[c]chromén-6-one (dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one) hydroxylé en positions 1 et 9, portant une chaîne latérale 1,1-diméthylheptyle en position 3. La charpente tricyclique est celle du cannabinol, la fonction lactone remplaçant le groupement gem-diméthyle du cycle pyranique des cannabinoïdes classiques.
Pharmacokinetics
Aucune donnée humaine. Chez le rat, une administration systémique modifie les seuils de retrait de la patte dès la première demi-heure, l'effet maximal étant relevé environ trente minutes après l'injection puis décroissant au cours de l'heure et demie suivante. Ni la biodisponibilité, ni la demi-vie, ni le passage de la barrière hémato-encéphalique n'ont été quantifiés.
Toxicology and risks
Le profil de toxicité n'est pas documenté : aucune étude de toxicité répétée, aucune donnée de génotoxicité ou de reproduction, aucun cas humain rapporté. Les seules observations disponibles sont comportementales, chez le rongeur, où aucun déficit moteur n'a été relevé au rotarod dans les conditions où l'effet antinociceptif était mesuré. Cette absence de signal chez l'animal ne renseigne en rien sur la sécurité chez l'être humain, et un composé non classé n'est pas pour autant un composé sûr.
Detection and analysis
Aucune méthode analytique dédiée n'a été publiée pour cette molécule, qui ne figure ni dans les listes de l'EUDA ni dans celles de l'ONUDC recensant les cannabinoïdes de synthèse saisis. Elle n'est donc pas recherchée par les criblages toxicologiques de routine : sa mise en évidence supposerait un étalon de référence et une analyse ciblée par spectrométrie de masse.
References
- 1.Khanolkar AD et al., Cannabilactones: a novel class of CB2 selective agonists with peripheral analgesic activity, J Med Chem, 2007PMID 18038967
- 2.Rahn EJ et al., Selective activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors suppresses neuropathic nociception induced by treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in rats, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2008PMID 18664590
- 3.Liu Y et al., Synthesis of Functionalized Cannabilactones, Molecules, 2020PMID 32041131
- 4.Schifano F et al., The e-Psychonauts' Spiced World: assessment of the synthetic cannabinoids' information available online, Curr Neuropharmacol, 2020 (AM-1714 recensee hors listes EUDA et ONUDC)PMID 32116194
- 5.ChEMBL, donnees de liaison du ligand CHEMBL429797 (CB1 et CB2)
- 6.PubChem, fiche du compose CID 9950486 (AM-1714)
Structured data
- InChIKey
- BWKBVEVEQOCSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- CCCCCCC(C)(C)C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)O)C(=O)O2
- Formula
- C22H26O4
- Molar mass
- 354.18 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 335371-37-4
- PubChem CID
- 9950486
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.