ECS modulator (research)
UnscheduledAM6545
5-[4-(4-cyanobut-1-ynyl)phenyl]-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1,1-dioxo-1,4-thiazinan-4-yl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide
Aliases.AM-6545
A synthetic peripherally acting CB1 antagonist, studied in rodents; no human data.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₆H₂₃Cl₂N₅O₃S
- Molar mass
- 580.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 1245626-05-4
- PubChem CID
- 46912919
- First described
- Décrite publiquement en 2010. Elle a été synthétisée au Center for Drug Discovery de la Northeastern University, dans le groupe d'Alexandros Makriyannis, et caractérisée notamment par Cluny et ses collaborateurs dans le British Journal of Pharmacology, avant d'être reprise la même année dans plusieurs travaux sur la prise alimentaire et le risque cardiométabolique du rongeur.
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, absent from cannabis and from any known natural source. It arose from a university medicinal chemistry programme aimed at retaining blockade of the CB1 receptor while avoiding the brain, and it remains a laboratory tool, with no food, cosmetic or therapeutic use.
- InChIKey
- XBHQLFVDGLPBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
AM6545 is a laboratory molecule, entirely synthetic, which does not exist in hemp. It blocks the CB1 receptor, the one THC activates, but it passes very little into the brain and acts mainly in the rest of the body. It has served to study obesity and metabolism in rodents and has never been evaluated in humans.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Ki 1,73 ± 0,92 nM (antagoniste neutre, sans effet propre sur l'AMP cyclique)Antagonist
- CB2Ki 523 ± 143 nM (CB2 murin), soit une sélectivité d'environ 300 fois pour le CB1Antagonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm4
- Clarity4
- Sleep4
- Appetite2
- High4
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
AM6545 is a diaryl pyrazole carboxamide related to rimonabant, designed to block the CB1 receptor without crossing the blood-brain barrier. Its affinity for CB1 is high, of the order of 1.7 nM, with a selectivity of about 300-fold over mouse CB2. Unlike rimonabant, it behaves as a neutral antagonist: on its own, it does not alter cyclic AMP production and therefore does not exert the inverse agonist activity held responsible for the psychiatric effects that led to rimonabant's withdrawal. The highly polar sulfone group borne on the amide function strongly limits brain diffusion, with brain-to-plasma ratios markedly lower than those of the central antagonists used for comparison. In rodents, this peripheral pharmacology is accompanied by a fall in food intake and weight, an improvement in carbohydrate and lipid parameters and blockade of digestive CB1, without conditioned taste aversion or signs of malaise. The limitations are clear: later work showed a potentiation of the corticotropic response to stress that persists in mice deprived of CB1, therefore through an unidentified off-target mechanism, and human data are entirely lacking.
Key sources.
- Cluny NL et al., A novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM6545, reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents, Br J Pharmacol 2010PMID 20880401
- Peripheral CB1 Receptor Neutral Antagonist, AM6545, Ameliorates Hypometabolic Obesity and Improves Adipokine Secretion in Monosodium Glutamate Induced Obese Mice, Front Pharmacol 2018
- Peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist AM6545 potentiates stress-induced HPA axis activation via a non-CB1R mechanism, Endocrine
- Annexe IV, arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, Légifrance
Origin (research tool)
No biosynthetic pathway: the molecule is produced by no living organism. It belongs to the class of diaryl pyrazole carboxamides obtained by chemical synthesis, in the direct lineage of rimonabant.
Legal framework
France
AM6545 is named in no French text. It is not a tetrahydrocannabinol, nor an ester, an ether or a salt of THC, so that the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 does not cover it. The generic definitions of synthetic cannabinoids added to that same annex describe families of agonists (indoles, indazoles, pyrroles, cyclohexylphenols, benzochromenes) to which its structure does not correspond. Its status is therefore that of a substance not classified as a narcotic. That does not make it marketable for all that: without a marketing authorisation, without novel food status and without recognised cosmetic use, it remains reserved for research and may not be offered for human consumption.
European Union
No listing in the United Nations conventions of 1961 and 1971, no control measure at Union level under the European arrangements on new psychoactive substances, and no notification in the early warning system. The molecule holds no European Medicines Agency authorisation and does not appear in the novel food catalogue. National regimes may differ, but its use remains in practice confined to the experimental setting.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- ECS modulator (research)
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, absent from cannabis and from any known natural source. It arose from a university medicinal chemistry programme aimed at retaining blockade of the CB1 receptor while avoiding the brain, and it remains a laboratory tool, with no food, cosmetic or therapeutic use.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Carboxamide de pyrazole diarylé de la série du rimonabant : noyau 1-(2,4-dichlorophényl)-4-méthylpyrazole-3-carboxamide, phényle en position 5 porteur d'une chaîne cyanobutynyle, et fonction amide substituée par un cycle thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxyde.
Pharmacokinetics
Les données disponibles sont exclusivement animales. Le groupe sulfone très polaire réduit fortement la diffusion cérébrale : chez le rat, les rapports de concentration cerveau sur plasma restent bien inférieurs à 1, alors qu'ils dépassent l'unité pour l'antagoniste central de comparaison AM4113. La quasi-totalité des études administrent la molécule par voie intrapéritonéale chez le rongeur, ce qui limite la portée des conclusions sur une éventuelle biodisponibilité orale. Aucune donnée de pharmacocinétique humaine n'a été publiée.
Metabolism
Le devenir métabolique n'a pas été caractérisé dans la littérature publique : ni les enzymes impliquées, ni les métabolites majeurs, ni les voies d'élimination ne sont décrits. Cette absence vaut aussi bien chez l'animal que chez l'être humain.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicologie réglementaire n'a été publiée et il n'existe aucune donnée de sécurité humaine. Chez le rongeur, les protocoles courts n'ont pas rapporté de malaise ni d'aversion gustative conditionnée, contrairement aux agonistes inverses centraux. Un signal mérite cependant d'être retenu : la molécule potentialise la réponse corticotrope au stress, avec élévation de l'ACTH et de la corticostérone, et cet effet persiste chez la souris dépourvue de récepteur CB1, ce qui indique une action hors cible non identifiée. La restriction périphérique atténue le risque neuropsychiatrique associé au rimonabant, elle ne permet pas de le déclarer nul.
Detection and analysis
La molécule n'apparaît ni dans les saisies documentées ni dans les dispositifs européens de surveillance des nouvelles substances psychoactives, et aucune méthode analytique de routine ne lui est consacrée. Son identification relèverait des techniques générales de chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse employées pour les composés de recherche.
References
- 1.Cluny NL et al., A novel peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM6545, reduces food intake and body weight, but does not cause malaise, in rodents, Br J Pharmacol 2010PMID 20880401
- 2.Peripheral CB1 Receptor Neutral Antagonist, AM6545, Ameliorates Hypometabolic Obesity and Improves Adipokine Secretion in Monosodium Glutamate Induced Obese Mice, Front Pharmacol 2018
- 3.Peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist AM6545 potentiates stress-induced HPA axis activation via a non-CB1R mechanism, Endocrine
- 4.Annexe IV, arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, Légifrance
Structured data
- InChIKey
- XBHQLFVDGLPBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- CC1=C(N(N=C1C(=O)NN2CCS(=O)(=O)CC2)C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)Cl)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C#CCCC#N
- Formula
- C26H23Cl2N5O3S
- Molar mass
- 580.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- 1245626-05-4
- PubChem CID
- 46912919
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.