ECS modulator (research)
UnscheduledAMG-36
(6aR,10aR)-3-(1-hexylcyclopentyl)-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Aliases.3-(1-hexylcyclopentyl)-Δ8-THC · CHEMBL108868
A synthetic Δ8-THC analogue with very high CB1 and CB2 affinity and no human data.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₇H₄₀O₂
- Molar mass
- 396.30 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 10982174
- First described
- Décrit en 2003 dans le Journal of Medicinal Chemistry par Demetris P. Papahatjis, Spyros P. Nikas, Roger G. Pertwee, Alexandros Makriyannis et leurs collaborateurs, au sein d'une série d'analogues du Δ8-tétrahydrocannabinol portant des substituants cycliques en position C1' de la chaîne latérale. Le même groupe a prolongé ce travail en 2007 sur les chaînes latérales cycloalkyles. Comme les autres composés codés AM ou AMG, il provient du laboratoire de chimie médicinale d'Alexandros Makriyannis.
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, arising from an academic medicinal chemistry programme. It has never been isolated from hemp or from any other organism, is not used in any authorised medicine and is not encountered in products sold in shops: its documented use is limited to in vitro research.
- InChIKey
- FONCHEGPDSYFCG-FGZHOGPDSA-N
In plain terms
AMG-36 is a laboratory molecule obtained by synthesis: it exists in no plant and is not used in any consumer product. Chemists made it in order to understand how the shape of the THC side chain changes the way the molecule attaches to its receptors. It is known to bind very strongly, but human data are entirely lacking.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Ki 0,45 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, membranes de cerveau de rat)Agonist
- CB2Ki 1,92 nM (déplacement du [3H]CP-55,940, membranes de rate de souris)Agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm5
- Clarity4
- Sleep5
- Appetite5
- High4
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
AMG-36 is a classical synthetic cannabinoid: it retains the tricyclic nucleus of Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol and departs from it only in its side chain, whose C1' carbon is incorporated into a cyclopentane ring bearing a hexyl group. This modification served to map an accessory pocket of the binding site of the CB1 and CB2 receptors; it produces sub-nanomolar affinity, markedly higher than that of THC in this type of assay, with a Ki of 0.45 nM at CB1 and 1.92 nM at CB2 in displacement of [3H]CP-55,940. What has been established stops there: affinity has been measured, efficacy has not. No functional assay has been reported for this compound, no data exist on TRPV1, GPR55, PPAR gamma or 5-HT1A, and there is no in vivo study, no pharmacokinetics, no toxicology and no human data. Nothing therefore allows one to ascribe to it the behaviour of THC, which is itself only a partial CB1 agonist. AMG-36 remains a laboratory tool intended to elucidate the cannabinoid side chain, not a substance whose effects are known.
Key sources.
- Papahatjis DP, Nikas SP, Kourouli T, Chari R, Xu W, Pertwee RG, Makriyannis A. Pharmacophoric requirements for the cannabinoid side chain. Probing the cannabinoid receptor subsite at C1'. J Med Chem, 2003.PMID 12852753
- Papahatjis DP, Nahmias VR, Nikas SP, Andreou T, Alapafuja SO, Tsotinis A, et al. C1'-cycloalkyl side chain pharmacophore in tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem, 2007.PMID 17672444
- Bow EW, Rimoldi JM. The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation. Perspect Medicin Chem, 2016 (AMG-36 recensé avec Ki CB1 0,45 nM et Ki CB2 1,92 nM, colonne fonctionnelle vide).PMID 27398024
- PubChem, fiche du composé CID 10982174 (AMG-36) : identifiants et synonymes.
- ChEMBL, activités enregistrées pour CHEMBL108868 : liaison CB1 (cerveau de rat) et CB2 (rate de souris) au [3H]CP-55,940.
Origin (research tool)
No known biosynthetic pathway: AMG-36 comes not from the metabolism of a plant but from chemical synthesis, which builds the dibenzopyran skeleton of Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol and then installs a 1-hexylcyclopentyl side chain at position C3.
Legal framework
France
In France, AMG-36 is not named in any ANSM decision: it is not listed by name. Since it retains intact the tetrahydrocannabinol nucleus of Δ8-THC and departs from it only in its side chain, it falls under the generic entry of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990, which classifies as narcotics the tetrahydrocannabinols, their esters, their ethers, their salts and the salts of the aforementioned derivatives. It is therefore a scheduling by generic clause, applicable to the family, and not a prohibition targeting this compound in particular. No food, cosmetic or medicinal use is open to it.
European Union
No European Union-wide control measure covers AMG-36: the sources consulted document no risk assessment by the EUDA (formerly the EMCDDA), no notification to the early warning system and no presence on the market for synthetic products. Nor is it listed by name in the schedules of the international conventions of 1961 and 1971, which cover tetrahydrocannabinol and its isomers, whereas AMG-36 is a homologue with a modified side chain. Its actual status therefore depends on each Member State, several of which apply generic definitions liable to encompass tetrahydrocannabinol analogues: verification must be done country by country.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- ECS modulator (research)
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic molecule, arising from an academic medicinal chemistry programme. It has never been isolated from hemp or from any other organism, is not used in any authorised medicine and is not encountered in products sold in shops: its documented use is limited to in vitro research.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Cannabinoïde classique tricyclique de type dibenzo[b,d]pyrane : noyau Δ8-tétrahydrocannabinol dont la chaîne pentyle en C3 est remplacée par un groupe 1-hexylcyclopentyle, le carbone C1' étant inclus dans un cycle à cinq atomes de carbone.
Pharmacokinetics
Aucune donnée d'absorption, de distribution ou d'élimination n'est publiée pour AMG-36 : les travaux disponibles se limitent à des essais de liaison sur préparations membranaires, sans administration à l'animal ni à l'humain.
Metabolism
Le métabolisme de ce composé n'a pas été étudié : ni métabolites, ni enzymes impliquées, ni voies d'élimination ne sont décrits dans la littérature.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicité, aucun cas d'exposition humaine et aucune donnée in vivo ne sont publiés pour AMG-36. Son affinité inférieure au nanomolaire pour CB1 signifie que de très faibles quantités suffisent à occuper le récepteur, alors que son efficacité fonctionnelle n'a jamais été mesurée : aucune marge de sécurité n'est établie et le composé n'est pas destiné à la consommation humaine.
Detection and analysis
Aucune méthode analytique dédiée à AMG-36 n'est publiée et le composé n'apparaît pas dans la littérature de toxicologie médico-légale. Les immunoessais urinaires courants ciblent le métabolite THC-COOH et ne sont pas conçus pour ce type d'analogue ; une identification reposerait sur les techniques de chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse utilisées pour les cannabinoïdes de synthèse, avec un étalon de référence du composé.
References
- 1.Papahatjis DP, Nikas SP, Kourouli T, Chari R, Xu W, Pertwee RG, Makriyannis A. Pharmacophoric requirements for the cannabinoid side chain. Probing the cannabinoid receptor subsite at C1'. J Med Chem, 2003.PMID 12852753
- 2.Papahatjis DP, Nahmias VR, Nikas SP, Andreou T, Alapafuja SO, Tsotinis A, et al. C1'-cycloalkyl side chain pharmacophore in tetrahydrocannabinols. J Med Chem, 2007.PMID 17672444
- 3.Bow EW, Rimoldi JM. The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation. Perspect Medicin Chem, 2016 (AMG-36 recensé avec Ki CB1 0,45 nM et Ki CB2 1,92 nM, colonne fonctionnelle vide).PMID 27398024
- 4.PubChem, fiche du composé CID 10982174 (AMG-36) : identifiants et synonymes.
- 5.ChEMBL, activités enregistrées pour CHEMBL108868 : liaison CB1 (cerveau de rat) et CB2 (rate de souris) au [3H]CP-55,940.
Structured data
- InChIKey
- FONCHEGPDSYFCG-FGZHOGPDSA-N
- SMILES
- CCCCCCC1(CCCC1)C2=CC3=C([C@@H]4CC(=CC[C@H]4C(O3)(C)C)C)C(=C2)O
- Formula
- C27H40O2
- Molar mass
- 396.30 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 10982174
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.