Minor phytocannabinoid
UnscheduledCBNMCannabinol methyl ether
1-methoxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentylbenzo[c]chromene
Aliases.cannabinol methyl ether · CBNM-C5 · 4-O-methyl-CBN
The methyl ether of cannabinol, a trace constituent of hashish; pharmacology unstudied.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₂H₂₈O₂
- Molar mass
- 324.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 628150
- First described
- Identifié en 1973 par Bercht, Lousberg, Küppers, Salemink, Vree et van Rossum dans un extrait éthanolique de haschisch libanais, au sein de la série de travaux « Cannabis » du groupe d'Utrecht. La note parue au Journal of Chromatography reste la description princeps de la molécule, et aucune caractérisation pharmacologique ne l'a accompagnée.
- Origin
- A trace constituent of cannabis, described in hashish and subsequently taken up in the inventories of the natural constituents of Cannabis sativa within the CBN subclass. Its presence is very minor and irregular from batch to batch. The literature has not settled whether the methylation occurs in the plant or whether it forms during the drying, ageing and processing of the resin. The analytical standards available today are obtained synthetically from cannabinol.
- InChIKey
- YEDIZIGYIMTZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
Cannabinol methyl ether is a cannabinoid present in trace amounts in cannabis, first detected in hashish in 1973. Its structure is that of cannabinol, with a small methyl group capping the alcohol function of the molecule. What it does in human beings remains unknown, since no clinical study concerns it.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Partial agonist
- CB2Partial agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm8
- Clarity5
- Sleep10
- Appetite5
- High5
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
Cannabinol methyl ether is the methyl ether, at position 1, of cannabinol. This modification removes the free phenol, which constitutes the hydrogen-bonding anchor point described in the binding pocket of CB1. Within the CBN series, the removal or masking of that phenol lowers affinity for CB1 as well as for CB2, and the 1-methoxy analogues studied by Mahadevan and co-workers behave as ligands clearly oriented towards CB2, CB1 binding becoming negligible. These observations come, however, from analogues with a dimethylheptyl side chain, chosen precisely because they are much more avid than the pentyl compounds: they indicate a structure-activity trend, not a value measured for cannabinol methyl ether. No affinity, no functional efficacy, no pharmacokinetic data and no toxicology data have been published for this molecule, and human data are entirely lacking. The physiological properties of the compound are not characterised to date.
Key sources.
- Bercht CAL, Lousberg RJJC, Küppers FJEM, Salemink CA, Vree TB, van Rossum JM. Cannabis VII. Identification of cannabinol methyl ether from hashish. J Chromatogr. 1973;81(1):163-166.PMID 4725414
- Mahadevan A, Siegel C, Martin BR, Abood ME, Beletskaya I, Razdan RK. Novel cannabinol probes for CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. J Med Chem. 2000;43(20):3778-3785.PMID 11020293
- Rhee MH, Vogel Z, Barg J, Bayewitch M, Levy R, Hanuš L, Breuer A, Mechoulam R. Cannabinol derivatives: binding to cannabinoid receptors and inhibition of adenylylcyclase. J Med Chem. 1997;40(20):3228-3233.PMID 9379442
- ElSohly MA, Slade D. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005;78(5):539-548.PMID 16199061
- Radwan MM et al. Cannabinoids, Phenolics, Terpenes and Alkaloids of Cannabis. Molecules. 2021 (sous-classe CBN, onze cannabinoïdes de type cannabinol recensés).
- ANSM. Décision du 22/05/2024 portant modification de la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants (clause générique benzo[c]chromène, annexe IV, applicable au 3 juin 2024).
- Légifrance. Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants (annexe IV).
- PubChem, National Library of Medicine. Cannabinol methylether, CID 628150.
Biosynthetic pathway
No dedicated enzymatic pathway is described. Cannabinol itself is not an enzymatic product: it results from the oxidative aromatisation of THC during the ageing of plant material. Cannabinol methyl ether is its O-methylated homologue at position 1, and the origin of that methylation, biological or linked to the processing of the resin, remains undetermined.
Legal framework
France
Cannabinol methyl ether is named in no ANSM decision. It does fall, however, under the generic clause added to annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 by the decision of 22 May 2024, applicable since 3 June 2024, which covers any substance derived from the benzo[c]chromene ring, hydrogenated or not on ring A, bearing in particular at position 1 a hydroxyl function, esterified or not, or an alkoxy function. The methoxy at position 1 of cannabinol methyl ether corresponds to that alkoxy function. The only express exclusions of the clause are cannabinol and cannabinolic acid, together with content tolerances for THCV, THCVA and THCA; the methyl ether of cannabinol is not among them. The situation is therefore one of classification through a generic clause and not of a listing by name, and marketing in France must be regarded as prohibited on that basis.
European Union
No classification at European Union level. Cannabinol methyl ether appears neither in the schedules of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, nor among the new psychoactive substances subject to a European control measure, and it has been the subject of no assessment by the EUDA, the UNODC or the WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Member states remain free to classify it under their national law, as France does through its generic clause. As a foodstuff, cannabinoids fall under the novel foods regime and cannot be placed on the market without prior authorisation.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- Minor phytocannabinoid
- Origin
- A trace constituent of cannabis, described in hashish and subsequently taken up in the inventories of the natural constituents of Cannabis sativa within the CBN subclass. Its presence is very minor and irregular from batch to batch. The literature has not settled whether the methylation occurs in the plant or whether it forms during the drying, ageing and processing of the resin. The analytical standards available today are obtained synthetically from cannabinol.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Phytocannabinoïde de type CBN : noyau benzo[c]chromène entièrement aromatique sur le cycle terpénique, chaîne latérale pentyle en position 3, fonction méthoxy en position 1 à la place du phénol libre du cannabinol.
Pharmacokinetics
Aucune étude d'absorption, de distribution ou d'élimination n'a été publiée pour cette molécule, ni chez l'animal ni chez l'être humain. Le remplacement du phénol libre par un méthoxy augmente la lipophilie par rapport au cannabinol, ce qui laisse attendre une forte fixation aux protéines plasmatiques et une distribution tissulaire large, mais il s'agit d'une inférence physicochimique et non d'une mesure.
Metabolism
Aucun profil métabolique n'a été décrit. Par analogie avec les cannabinoïdes classiques, une oxydation par les cytochromes P450 hépatiques est attendue, et une O-déméthylation restituant le cannabinol reste chimiquement plausible, mais aucune étude in vitro ou in vivo ne l'a documentée pour ce composé.
Toxicology and risks
Les propriétés physiologiques et toxicologiques du cannabinol méthyléther ne sont pas connues. Aucun signalement d'intoxication, aucune étude de toxicité aiguë ou répétée, aucun essai de génotoxicité et aucune donnée de sécurité chez l'être humain ne sont disponibles. L'absence de signal ne vaut pas absence de risque : elle traduit seulement l'absence d'étude.
Detection and analysis
La molécule a été mise en évidence dès 1973 par chromatographie couplée à la spectrométrie de masse sur extrait de haschisch, et des standards de référence certifiés existent pour la chimie analytique et la criminalistique. Sa masse dépasse de 14 unités celle du cannabinol, ce qui la rend distinguable en spectrométrie de masse. Elle n'est en revanche pas incluse dans les panels de dépistage courants, urinaires ou salivaires, qui ciblent les métabolites du THC.
References
- 1.Bercht CAL, Lousberg RJJC, Küppers FJEM, Salemink CA, Vree TB, van Rossum JM. Cannabis VII. Identification of cannabinol methyl ether from hashish. J Chromatogr. 1973;81(1):163-166.PMID 4725414
- 2.Mahadevan A, Siegel C, Martin BR, Abood ME, Beletskaya I, Razdan RK. Novel cannabinol probes for CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. J Med Chem. 2000;43(20):3778-3785.PMID 11020293
- 3.Rhee MH, Vogel Z, Barg J, Bayewitch M, Levy R, Hanuš L, Breuer A, Mechoulam R. Cannabinol derivatives: binding to cannabinoid receptors and inhibition of adenylylcyclase. J Med Chem. 1997;40(20):3228-3233.PMID 9379442
- 4.ElSohly MA, Slade D. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005;78(5):539-548.PMID 16199061
- 5.Radwan MM et al. Cannabinoids, Phenolics, Terpenes and Alkaloids of Cannabis. Molecules. 2021 (sous-classe CBN, onze cannabinoïdes de type cannabinol recensés).
- 6.ANSM. Décision du 22/05/2024 portant modification de la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants (clause générique benzo[c]chromène, annexe IV, applicable au 3 juin 2024).
- 7.Légifrance. Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants (annexe IV).
- 8.PubChem, National Library of Medicine. Cannabinol methylether, CID 628150.
Structured data
- InChIKey
- YEDIZIGYIMTZKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- CCCCCC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)C)C(O2)(C)C
- Formula
- C22H28O2
- Molar mass
- 324.50 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 628150
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.