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Synthetic

CUMYL-PINACA

Indazole carboxamide with a cumyl head, among the most potent CB1 agonists measured, classified as a narcotic in France.

Narcotic: named in schedule
Level of detail

Harm-reduction warning

No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.

C₂₂H₂₇N₃O

CAS 1400742-15-5

Family
Synthetic CB receptor agonistNew psychoactive substance
Molar mass
349.50 g/mol

Updated on

In plain terms

CUMYL-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid made in a laboratory. It does not exist in hemp and has nothing to do with cannabidiol. In a laboratory assay it proved the most potent of nine synthetic cannabinoids at the CB1 receptor. It is classified as a narcotic in France.

Receptors and activity

Target network

CB1AgonistEC50 = 0.1 nM · not specified in the articlecAMP biosensor (DiscoveRx), 9 compounds tested in duplicate, CP-55,940 reference
  • Activates

The lower the cited value, the closer the target sits to CUMYL-PINACA: one ring per factor of 100. A target with no measured value stays on the edge.

Where these targets live

Where each target has been found in humans, according to the cited studies. The map shows the target, not an effect of CUMYL-PINACA.

Brain, side view
Body, front view
Blood

CB1CB1 found in 7 regions of the body

  1. Basal gangliadenseMost dense in basal ganglia outflow nuclei1
  2. CerebellumdenseVery dense in the cerebellum1
  3. HippocampusdenseVery high concentrations in the hippocampus2
  4. AmygdaladenseHigh concentrations in the amygdala2
  5. CortexpresentPresent throughout the neocortex2
  6. Adipose tissuepresentExpressed in adipose tissue3
  7. GutpresentColonic epithelium, smooth muscle and plexus4

Map sources

  1. Herkenham M et al. Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1990 (new tab)
  2. Glass M et al. Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience, 1997 (new tab)
  3. Engeli S et al. Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity. Diabetes, 2005 (new tab)
  4. Wright K et al. Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing. Gastroenterology, 2005 (new tab)

Cited values

  1. CB1AgonistEC50 = 0.1 nM · not specified in the article100 out of 100

    Angerer et al. 2019, Forensic Toxicol (new tab) · cAMP biosensor (DiscoveRx), 9 compounds tested in duplicate, CP-55,940 reference

  2. CB2Agonistno measured value cited

    Activity at CB2 not measured for this molecule; the β-arrestin screen at 30 µM of seven synthetic agonists including CUMYL-PINACA retains hardly any activation outside CB1 and CB2 (Kevin et al. 2022, pooled result)

Bar length follows the measured value (Ki, Kd, EC50 or IC50), on one scale shared by every entry, from 100 µM to 0.1 nM. A target with no cited value has no bar.

Pharmacology

CUMYL-PINACA is an indazole-3-carboxamide with a cumyl (2-phenylpropan-2-yl) head and an n-pentyl chain. Bovens et al. (2017) characterised it with four other cumyl-headed compounds in seized samples. In the cAMP biosensor assay of Angerer et al. (2019), it reaches an EC50 of 0.06 nM at CB1, the lowest of the nine compounds tested, with a maximal response of 92.86 % of that of CP-55,940; the authors conclude that the cumyl group markedly increases potency compared with the naphthoyl group (JWH-018, 1.13 nM) or valine. In a controlled self-experiment by one volunteer (0.6 mg orally), ten phase I metabolites were identified in urine, the main route being oxidation of the N-pentyl chain, and the most abundant monohydroxylated metabolite, A08, remained detectable for more than 8 days. An off-target screen at 30 µM (Kevin et al. 2022) ranks CUMYL-PINACA, with AMB-FUBINACA, among the compounds inhibiting the most non-cannabinoid targets in antagonist mode. No clinical study was found.

Key sources.

History

Source
A wholly synthetic molecule, absent from hemp and from every living organism. It was sold in New Zealand under the code SGT-24, among the « SGT » synthetic cannabinoids marketed under the interim regime of the New Zealand Psychoactive Substances Act between July 2013 and May 2014 (Angerer et al. 2019), and was structurally characterised in 2017 in seized samples (Bovens et al. 2017). Its fluorinated analogue, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, was identified in e-liquids for electronic cigarettes bought online. None of this has anything to do with hemp or with cannabidiol products.

Origin

Laboratory synthesis

No known biosynthetic pathway: the molecule is produced by no plant and no living organism. It is entirely synthetic in origin and belongs to the chemical family of the cumyl-headed indazole-3-carboxamides.

Classification

Family, origin and source verification

Family

Synthetic CB receptor agonist › New psychoactive substance

Class

indazole-3-carboxamide

Verification

Classification, sources and binding values checked on 20 October 2026; text read against its sources and Wikipedia.

Wikipedia (English)

CUMYL-PINACA (new tab)

Article paired by the molecule's structure (InChIKey), revision read on 19 October 2026. Read as a second opinion, never cited as a source.

References

  1. Angerer V, Franz F, Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V. 5F-Cumyl-PINACA in 'e-liquids' for electronic cigarettes: comprehensive characterization of a new type of synthetic cannabinoid in a trendy product including investigations on the in vitro and in vivo phase I metabolism of 5F-Cumyl-PINACA and its non-fluorinated analog Cumyl-PINACA. Forensic Toxicol. 2019;37(1):186-196 (new tab)PMID 30636986
  2. Bovens M, Bissig C, Staeheli SN, Poetzsch M, Pfeiffer B, Kraemer T. Structural characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL-PINACA, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA. Forensic Sci Int. 2017;281:98-105 (new tab)PMID 29125990
  3. Kevin RC, Cairns EA, Boyd R, Arnold JC, Bowen MT, McGregor IS, Banister SD. Off-target pharmacological profiling of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists including AMB-FUBINACA, CUMYL-PINACA, PB-22, and XLR-11. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1048836 (new tab)PMID 36590635
  4. Staeheli SN, Poetzsch M, Veloso VP, Bovens M, Bissig C, Steuer AE. In vitro metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL-PINACA, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA. Drug Test Anal. 2018;10(1):148-157 (new tab)PMID 28885775
  5. Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA, consolidated version of 12.01.2026 (annex: substances subject to Union control) (new tab)

Identifiers

Names

IUPAC name
1-pentyl-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide
Other names
SGT-24

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₂H₂₇N₃O
CAS
1400742-15-5
PubChem CID
86273676(new tab)
InChIKey
LCBASRYREGWIJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCCCCn1nc(C(=O)NC(C)(C)c2ccccc2)c2ccccc21

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.