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Derived from the plant

Δ10-THCΔ10-tetrahydrocannabinol

Positional isomer of THC, a by-product of CBD conversion; discordant CB1 activity in vitro, no human data.

FranceNarcotic: generic clauseInternationalNarcotic: named in schedule
Level of detail

Harm-reduction warning

No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.

C₂₁H₃₀O₂

CAS 95543-62-7

Family
Semi-synthetic cannabinoidIsomer or by-product
Molar mass
314.50 g/mol

Updated on

In plain terms

Δ10-THC is a cousin of THC in which one double bond has moved. It does not come from the plant: it forms as a by-product when CBD is chemically converted. In the laboratory it binds the CB1 receptor less strongly than THC, and studies disagree on whether it activates it; no study has been carried out in humans.

Receptors and activity

Target network

CB1AntagonistIC50 = 29.1 nM · not specified in the abstractRadioligand displacement, trans-Δ10-THC (cis: 294.2 nM; Δ9-THC: 2.1 nM); antagonism of CP55,940, IC50 460 nM (trans) and 1040 nM (cis). Partial activation observed in β-arrestin 2 by Janssens et al. 2024: discordant functional profile
  • Blocks or inhibits

The lower the cited value, the closer the target sits to Δ10-THC: one ring per factor of 100. A target with no measured value stays on the edge.

Where these targets live

Where each target has been found in humans, according to the cited studies. The map shows the target, not an effect of Δ10-THC.

Brain, side view
Body, front view
Blood

CB1CB1 found in 7 regions of the body

  1. Basal gangliadenseMost dense in basal ganglia outflow nuclei1
  2. CerebellumdenseVery dense in the cerebellum1
  3. HippocampusdenseVery high concentrations in the hippocampus2
  4. AmygdaladenseHigh concentrations in the amygdala2
  5. CortexpresentPresent throughout the neocortex2
  6. Adipose tissuepresentExpressed in adipose tissue3
  7. GutpresentColonic epithelium, smooth muscle and plexus4

Map sources

  1. Herkenham M et al. Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1990 (new tab)
  2. Glass M et al. Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience, 1997 (new tab)
  3. Engeli S et al. Activation of the peripheral endocannabinoid system in human obesity. Diabetes, 2005 (new tab)
  4. Wright K et al. Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing. Gastroenterology, 2005 (new tab)

Cited values

  1. CB1AntagonistIC50 = 29.1 nM · not specified in the abstract59 out of 100

    Haghdoost M et al. Chemistry, Crystal Structure, and In Vitro Receptor Binding of Δ10-THC Isomers. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023;8(S1):S1-S10 (new tab) · Radioligand displacement, trans-Δ10-THC (cis: 294.2 nM; Δ9-THC: 2.1 nM); antagonism of CP55,940, IC50 460 nM (trans) and 1040 nM (cis). Partial activation observed in β-arrestin 2 by Janssens et al. 2024: discordant functional profile

Bar length follows the measured value (Ki, Kd, EC50 or IC50), on one scale shared by every entry, from 100 µM to 0.1 nM. A target with no cited value has no bar.

Pharmacology

Δ10-THC is a positional isomer of Δ9-THC: the double bond of the terpene ring sits at position 10, and carbon 9 becomes a stereogenic centre, hence two epimers, (6aR,9R) and (6aR,9S). Srebnik, Lander, Breuer and Mechoulam described them in 1984 from Δ9-THC; the WHO does not count it among the natural THC isomers (2018). It is among the by-products of the acid conversion of CBD into Δ8-THC (EMCDDA 2023) and was identified, with other unnatural THC isomers, in vaping liquids analysed after the 2019 EVALI outbreak (Ciolino et al., 2021). In radioligand displacement at the CB1 receptor, its two epimers gave IC50 values of 29.1 nM (trans) and 294.2 nM (cis), versus 2.1 nM for Δ9-THC; in the functional assays of that study, neither showed agonist activity up to 10 µM and both antagonised CP55,940 (Haghdoost et al., 2023). A β-arrestin 2 recruitment assay, by contrast, observed CB1 activation that differed by stereoisomer and remained reduced compared with Δ9-THC (Janssens et al., 2024). In pigeons trained to recognise Δ9-THC, it did not substitute for Δ9-THC (WHO 2018). In human hepatocytes it is mainly glucuronidated and monohydroxylated, with little carboxylated metabolite (Kronstrand et al., 2026). No human study has been published. Δ10-THC is listed by name in Schedule I of the 1971 Convention.

Key sources.

History

Source
Semi-synthetic: a by-product of the acid conversion of CBD into Δ8-THC; not counted among natural cannabinoids by the WHO

Route of preparation

Chemical process

No known biosynthesis; the WHO (2018) does not count it among the natural THC isomers. It is among the representative by-products of the acid cyclisation of CBD into Δ8-THC (EMCDDA 2023) and was first described as an isomerisation product of Δ9-THC (Srebnik et al., 1984, cited by the WHO 2018).

Classification

Family, origin and source verification

Family

Semi-synthetic cannabinoid › Isomer or by-product

Chemistry

C5 side chain · neutral form

Verification

Every fact on this entry was checked against its primary sources on 20 October 2026.

Wikipedia (English)

Δ10-Tetrahydrocannabinol (new tab)

Article paired by the molecule's structure (InChIKey), revision read on 19 October 2026. Read as a second opinion, never cited as a source.

References

  1. Haghdoost M, Brumar D, Geiling B, Brunstetter M, Bonn-Miller MO. Chemistry, Crystal Structure, and In Vitro Receptor Binding of Δ10-THC Isomers. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023;8(S1):S1-S10 (new tab)PMID 37721987
  2. Janssens LK et al. Investigation of the intrinsic cannabinoid activity of hemp-derived and semisynthetic cannabinoids with β-arrestin2 recruitment assays. Arch Toxicol 2024;98:2619-2630 (new tab)PMID 38735004
  3. WHO ECDD 41, Critical review report: Isomers of THC, 2018 (new tab)
  4. EMCDDA (Ujváry et al.), Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) and related substances, technical report, 2023 (figure 32) (new tab)
  5. Ciolino LA et al. EVALI Vaping Liquids Part 1: GC-MS Cannabinoids Profiles and Identification of Unnatural THC Isomers. Front Chem 2021;9:746479 (new tab)PMID 34631667
  6. Kronstrand R, Green H, Loh M, Rüttimann F, Monti MC. In Vitro Metabolism of Δ8-, Δ9-, and Δ10-THC in Human Hepatocytes: Distinct Δ10-THC Biotransformation and Implications for Drug Testing. Drug Test Anal 2026;18:1114-1121 (new tab)PMID 42229946
  7. Wolf CE, Pokhai AA, Poklis JL, Williams GR. The cross-reactivity of cannabinoid analogs (delta-8-THC, delta-10-THC and CBD), their metabolites and chiral carboxy HHC metabolites in urine of six commercially available homogeneous immunoassays. J Anal Toxicol 2023;47:732-736 (new tab)PMID 37602947
  8. Burgess A et al. Delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-10 tetrahydrocannabinol, and tetrahydrocannabinol-O acetate exposures reported to America's Poison Centers. Clin Toxicol 2024;62:256-266 (new tab)PMID 38686923
  9. ACMD (UK), Semi-synthetic cannabinoids: cannabinoids related to tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, May 2025, §5.30 (new tab)
  10. INCB, Green List, 35th edition, 2024 (Schedule I, tetrahydrocannabinol: six isomers) (new tab)
  11. ANSM, consolidated list of substances classified as narcotics, updated 26/06/2026 (« Tetrahydrocannabinols… », annex III, decision of 06/02/2026) (new tab)

Identifiers

Names

Common name
Δ10-tetrahydrocannabinol
IUPAC name
6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Other names
delta-10-THC · Δ10-THC

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₁H₃₀O₂
CAS
95543-62-7
PubChem CID
71440386(new tab)
InChIKey
YLTWYAXWDLZZCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCCCCC1=CC(=C2C3=CC(CCC3C(OC2=C1)(C)C)C)O

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.