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Synthetic

JWH-368

A laboratory synthetic cannabinoid (2006): high CB1 and CB2 affinity, no human data.

FranceNarcotic: named in scheduleInternationalNarcotic: generic clause
Level of detail

Harm-reduction warning

No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.

C₂₆H₂₄FNO

CAS 914458-31-4

Family
Synthetic CB receptor agonistNew psychoactive substance
Molar mass
385.50 g/mol

Updated on

In plain terms

JWH-368 is a molecule made entirely in the laboratory, with no connection to hemp. An American university team created it in 2006 to study brain receptors, with no intention of making it a consumable product. No human data exist on the subject.

Receptors and activity

Target network

CB2Binding (function not established)Ki = 9.1 nM · human[3H]CP-55940 displacement, cloned human CB2 (value read from ChEMBL, from Huffman 2006; text not opened); efficacy not found
  • Binds or modulates

The lower the cited value, the closer the target sits to JWH-368: one ring per factor of 100. A target with no measured value stays on the edge.

Where these targets live

Where each target has been found in humans, according to the cited studies. The map shows the target, not an effect of JWH-368.

Brain, side view
Body, front view
Blood

CB2CB2 found in 5 regions of the body

  1. SpleendenseHighly abundant in the spleen1
  2. Immune cellspresentMainly B cells and natural killer cells1
  3. SkinpresentKeratinocytes, mast cells and nerve fibres2
  4. GutpresentImmune cells of the colonic mucosa3
  5. BonepresentPresent on osteoclasts4

Map sources

  1. Galiègue S et al. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem, 1995 (new tab)
  2. Ständer S et al. Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. J Dermatol Sci, 2005 (new tab)
  3. Wright K et al. Differential expression of cannabinoid receptors in the human colon: cannabinoids promote epithelial wound healing. Gastroenterology, 2005 (new tab)
  4. Rossi F et al. The endovanilloid/endocannabinoid system in human osteoclasts: possible involvement in bone formation and resorption. Bone, 2009 (new tab)

Cited values

  1. CB2Binding (function not established)Ki = 9.1 nM · human67 out of 100

    Huffman et al. 2006, Bioorg Med Chem Lett (via ChEMBL) (new tab) · [3H]CP-55940 displacement, cloned human CB2 (value read from ChEMBL, from Huffman 2006; text not opened); efficacy not found

  2. CB1Binding (function not established)Ki = 16 nM · rat63 out of 100

    Huffman et al. 2006, Bioorg Med Chem Lett (via ChEMBL) (new tab) · [3H]CP-55940 displacement, rat brain membranes (value read from ChEMBL, from Huffman 2006; text not opened); efficacy not found

Bar length follows the measured value (Ki, Kd, EC50 or IC50), on one scale shared by every entry, from 100 µM to 0.1 nM. A target with no cited value has no bar.

Pharmacology

JWH-368 belongs to the naphthoylpyrroles, a family of synthetic cannabinoids that came out of the work of John W. Huffman. In the 2006 series in which it is described, it binds strongly to both cannabinoid receptors: Ki of 16 nM at the CB1 receptor and 9.1 nM at the cloned human CB2 receptor (values read in ChEMBL). This work measured binding affinity; the ability of JWH-368 to activate the receptor was not found. The nuance matters: the synthetic cannabinoids characterised to date mostly act as full agonists of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, whereas Δ9-THC is only a partial agonist (Fantegrossi et al., 2014), but this property is established for the class, not for this molecule in particular. Human data are entirely lacking.

Key sources.

History

Source
A molecule with no known natural occurrence: it exists neither in hemp nor in any living organism. It comes from a university medicinal chemistry laboratory; it now figures in the lists of the EUDA and of UNODC recording the synthetic cannabinoids reported (Zangani et al., 2020).

Origin

Laboratory synthesis

No biological pathway: JWH-368 is entirely synthetic, with no plant precursor or enzymatic step. It belongs solely to synthetic chemistry, described here by chemical class only.

Classification

Family, origin and source verification

Family

Synthetic CB receptor agonist › New psychoactive substance

Class

naphthoylpyrrole

Verification

Classification, sources and binding values checked on 20 October 2026; text read against its sources and Wikipedia.

Wikipedia (English)

JWH-368 (new tab)

Article paired by the molecule's structure (InChIKey), revision read on 19 October 2026. Read as a second opinion, never cited as a source.

References

  1. Huffman JW, Padgett LW, Isherwood ML, Wiley JL, Martin BR. 1-Alkyl-2-aryl-4-(1-naphthoyl)pyrroles: new high affinity ligands for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006;16(20):5432-5 (primary source; Ki read from ChEMBL) (new tab)PMID 16889960
  2. Fantegrossi WE, Moran JH, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Δ9-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? Life Sci. 2014;97(1):45-54. CLASS datum (full agonism of the synthetic cannabinoids versus partial agonism of THC), not specific to JWH-368. (new tab)PMID 24084047
  3. Zangani C et al. The e-Psychonauts' 'Spiced' World: assessment of the synthetic cannabinoids' information available online. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020 (JWH-368 in the UNODC, EUDA and NPSFinder lists) (new tab)PMID 32116194
  4. ANSM, consolidated list of substances classified as narcotics, updated 16 February 2026 (annex IV, naphthoylpyrroles family, JWH-368 cited as an example) (new tab)
  5. Order of 19 May 2015 amending the order of 22 February 1990, annex IV: naphthoylpyrroles family (JWH-368 cited), JORF of 27 May 2015 (Légifrance) (new tab)
  6. PubChem CID 44418331, JWH-368: identifiers and synonyms (new tab)

Identifiers

Names

IUPAC name
[5-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-pentylpyrrol-3-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone
Other names
JWH 368 · [5-(3-Fluorophenyl)-1-pentyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone · 2-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-(naphthalene-1-carbonyl)-1-pentyl-1H-pyrrole · Methanone, (5-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-pentyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1-naphthalenyl-

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₆H₂₄FNO
CAS
914458-31-4
PubChem CID
44418331(new tab)
InChIKey
OCOICOMCAJNSCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CCCCCN1C=C(C=C1C2=CC(=CC=C2)F)C(=O)C3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43

Machine-readable entry (JSON)

LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.