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Endocannabinoid

Endogenous

NATN-arachidonoyl taurine

2-[[(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid

Aliases.NA-Tau · N-arachidonoyltaurine · NAT 20:4 · N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)taurine

An endogenous lipid regulated by FAAH, a weak agonist of TRPV1 and TRPV4, with no activity at CB1 or CB2.

Updated on

Level of detail

Identifiers

Formula
C₂₂H₃₇NO₄S
Molar mass
411.60 g·mol⁻¹
CAS
-
PubChem CID
42607331
First described
En 2004, l'équipe de Benjamin Cravatt (Scripps Research) compare par profilage métabolomique les tissus de souris normales et de souris privées de FAAH, et met en évidence une famille de lipides restée jusque là dans l'ombre, les N-acyl taurines. En 2006, Saghatelian et ses collègues caractérisent les formes polyinsaturées de cette famille, dont le conjugué arachidonoyle, abondantes dans le foie et le rein, et montrent qu'elles activent des canaux TRP. La molécule elle-même existait auparavant comme produit de synthèse utilisé en laboratoire.
Origin
This compound is not present in hemp: it is an endogenous mammalian lipid, formed in the body from arachidonic acid and taurine. The N-acyl taurines have been measured in the liver, the kidney, the brain and plasma; polyunsaturated forms such as this one predominate in the liver and the kidney, whereas the brain contains mainly long-chain saturated forms. Outside the living world, the molecule is obtained by synthesis and serves as an analytical standard and a research reagent.
InChIKey
YUNYSWCRLRYOPO-DOFZRALJSA-N

In plain terms

N-arachidonoyl taurine is a small fatty molecule made by the body, born of the union of a fatty acid, arachidonic acid, and taurine. It does not exist in hemp and does not behave like CBD: it acts on sensors of heat and sensation, the TRPV channels, rather than on the cannabinoid receptors. Everything that is known comes from experiments on cells and animals; human data are lacking.

Receptors and activity

  • TRPV4
    CE50 environ 21 µM (Saghatelian et al., Biochemistry 2006)Agonist
  • TRPV1
    CE50 environ 28 µM (Saghatelian et al., Biochemistry 2006)Agonist
  • Agonist
  • Partial agonist
  • Antagonist
  • Modulator
  • Inverse agonist

Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)

Subjective signature

Hover over an axis to read its definition.

  • Calm
    5
  • Clarity
    5
  • Sleep
    5
  • Appetite
    8
  • High
    5

Editorial estimate, not clinical.

Pharmacology

This conjugate belongs to the N-acyl taurines, the second large family of lipid amides controlled by FAAH, the enzyme that also degrades anandamide. Its profile sets it clearly apart from the classical endocannabinoids: the reference publications report activation of TRPV1 and TRPV4 at micromolar concentrations (EC50 values close to 28 and 21 µM) and the absence of any action at CB1 and CB2. In prefrontal cortex slices and in pancreatic beta cells, the effects described proceed through TRPV1 and through calcium fluxes, at concentrations well above the levels measured in tissues. The rest belongs to hypothesis: the precise physiological function is not established, most observations come from mice lacking FAAH or treated with an inhibitor of that enzyme, and human data are lacking. No therapeutic property is demonstrated.

Biosynthetic pathway (in vivo)

The molecule is formed by transfer of the arachidonoyl group from arachidonoyl-CoA onto taurine. In the liver, this reaction is carried out by bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT), a peroxisomal enzyme that favours polyunsaturated acyl-CoAs: in mice with the Baat gene knocked out, hepatic N-acyl taurine synthase activity falls by nearly 90 per cent. Degradation falls to FAAH, which releases arachidonic acid and taurine.

Structural classification

Class
Endocannabinoid
Origin
This compound is not present in hemp: it is an endogenous mammalian lipid, formed in the body from arachidonic acid and taurine. The N-acyl taurines have been measured in the liver, the kidney, the brain and plasma; polyunsaturated forms such as this one predominate in the liver and the kidney, whereas the brain contains mainly long-chain saturated forms. Outside the living world, the molecule is obtained by synthesis and serves as an analytical standard and a research reagent.
Status
Endogenous

Conjugué acide gras et taurine (N-acyl taurine) : chaîne arachidonoyle en C20:4 n-6 reliée par une fonction amide à un groupe éthanesulfonate, apparenté par sa partie lipidique à l'anandamide mais porteur d'une tête acide forte.

Pharmacokinetics

Aucune donnée de pharmacocinétique humaine n'est publiée. Chez l'animal, les concentrations tissulaires dépendent surtout de la vitesse d'hydrolyse par la FAAH : l'inhibition de cette enzyme multiplie les taux hépatiques par plus de cent en quelques heures, ce qui traduit un renouvellement très rapide. La fonction acide sulfonique reste ionisée au pH physiologique, ce qui distingue cette molécule des amides neutres du type anandamide.

Metabolism

La FAAH hydrolyse la liaison amide et libère l'acide arachidonique et la taurine ; c'est la voie de dégradation principale, établie par l'accumulation massive du composé chez la souris privée de FAAH et après administration d'inhibiteurs de cette enzyme. La formation hépatique revient à la BAAT, à partir d'arachidonoyl-CoA et de taurine. Les éventuels métabolites secondaires, notamment les dérivés oxygénés, restent peu décrits.

Toxicology and risks

Aucune étude de toxicité réglementaire, aucune exposition humaine documentée et aucun signalement clinique ne concernent ce composé, qui n'a jamais été commercialisé pour un usage humain. Les concentrations actives en laboratoire sont micromolaires, très supérieures aux niveaux endogènes mesurés dans les tissus, ce qui limite la portée des observations pharmacologiques. Aucun effet psychoactif n'a été rapporté et le potentiel d'abus n'est pas documenté.

Detection and analysis

L'identification repose sur la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, avec étalons internes, dans le cadre d'études de lipidomique ciblée. Il n'existe pas de méthode de dépistage en routine, et la molécule ne figure pas parmi les substances recherchées en toxicologie médico-légale.

References

  1. 1.Saghatelian A. et al., A FAAH-regulated class of N-acyl taurines that activates TRP ion channels, Biochemistry, 2006PMID 16866345
  2. 2.Saghatelian A. et al., Assignment of endogenous substrates to enzymes by global metabolite profiling, Biochemistry, 2004PMID 15533037
  3. 3.Connor M., Vaughan C.W., Vandenberg R.J., N-acyl amino acids and N-acyl neurotransmitter conjugates, British Journal of Pharmacology, 2010PMID 20649585
  4. 4.Raboune S. et al., Novel endogenous N-acyl amides activate TRPV1-4 receptors, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2014PMID 25136293
  5. 5.Zhang M. et al., Effects of TRPV1 activation by capsaicin and endogenous N-arachidonoyl taurine on synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020DOI 10.3389/fnins.2020.00091
  6. 6.Trammell S.A.J. et al., Identification of bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase as the hepatic N-acyl taurine synthase for polyunsaturated fatty acids, Journal of Lipid Research, 2023DOI 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100361
  7. 7.Waluk D.P. et al., N-acyl taurines trigger insulin secretion by increasing calcium flux in pancreatic beta-cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2013PMID 23159632
  8. 8.Grevengoed T.J. et al., N-acyl taurines are endogenous lipid messengers that improve glucose homeostasis, PNAS, 2019PMID 31740614
  9. 9.PubChem, N-arachidonoyltaurine, CID 42607331
  10. 10.Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, annexe IV, Légifrance

Structured data

InChIKey
YUNYSWCRLRYOPO-DOFZRALJSA-N
SMILES
CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCC(=O)NCCS(=O)(=O)O
Formula
C22H37NO4S
Molar mass
411.60 g·mol⁻¹
PubChem CID
42607331
Machine-readable entry (JSON)

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