Endocannabinoid
EndogenousPepcan-12Pepcan-12 (RVD-haemopressin)
Aliases.RVD-hemopressin · RVD-Hpα · RVD-hémopressine (alpha) · Pepcan-12 · RVDPVNFKLLSH
An endogenous peptide derived from haemoglobin, an allosteric brake on CB1 and an amplifier of CB2.
Updated on
Level of detail
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₆₅H₁₀₅N₁₉O₁₇
- Molar mass
- 1424.60 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 90488874
- First described
- La séquence RVDPVNFKLLSH a été décrite en 2009 par Gomes et ses collègues, comme forme allongée de l'hémopressine isolée d'extraits de cerveau de rongeur, et présentée alors comme un agoniste des récepteurs cannabinoïdes. En 2012, l'équipe de Jürg Gertsch à Berne a identifié toute une famille de peptides apparentés, nommés pepcan-12 à pepcan-23 selon leur longueur, et a requalifié le pepcan-12 en modulateur allostérique négatif du récepteur CB1. Les travaux suivants, entre 2015 et 2024, ont précisé sa localisation, son rôle sur le récepteur CB2 et sa faible stabilité sanguine.
- Origin
- This peptide is not a constituent of hemp and does not exist in the plant. It arises from cleavage of the alpha chain of haemoglobin in mammals, humans included. Localisation studies place it in noradrenergic neurons, in particular the locus coeruleus, and above all in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, which appear to supply most of the circulating fraction. The liver produces more of it after an ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and tissue concentrations also rise during experimental endotoxaemia in mice.
- InChIKey
- CSDQEWILNKOWRN-WSDCEOHFSA-N
In plain terms
Pepcan-12, also called RVD-haemopressin, is not a hemp molecule: it is a small peptide that the body makes itself from haemoglobin, mainly in the adrenal glands. Researchers are interested in it because it binds to the receptors of the endocannabinoid system and adjusts the activity of the other molecules there, without replacing them. Human data are lacking and no usable effect is established.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Modulator
- CB2Ki d'environ 44 à 58 nM sur le CB2 humain; l'EC50 du 2-AG passe d'environ 92 nM à 12 nM en présence du peptide (Petrucci 2017)Modulator
- TRPV1CI50 de 18,6 µM en patch-clamp sur TRPV1 humain exprimé en cellules HEK293 (Suárez-Suárez 2024)Antagonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm8
- Clarity4
- Sleep4
- Appetite6
- High4
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
Pepcan-12 is a dodecapeptide derived from the alpha chain of haemoglobin, the leading member of the pepcan family. It does not act as a classic agonist of the cannabinoid receptors: in 2012, an analysis by radioligand displacement, interpreted with the allosteric ternary model, concluded in favour of negative allosteric modulation of the CB1 receptor, with a fall in agonist-induced signalling and internalisation. In 2017 the same team demonstrated the opposite effect at the human CB2 receptor, where the peptide behaves as a positive allosteric modulator and amplifies several-fold the response to 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which makes it one of the few endogenous allosteric modulators described for this system. Blockade of the TRPV1 channel was reported in 2024, at concentrations far above physiological levels. The initial reading of 2009, which made it a CB1 agonist, has since been revised. All these results come from cell and rodent models: no clinical study exists, the peptide's stability in blood is low, and human data are lacking.
Key sources.
- Bauer M. et al., Identification and quantification of a new family of peptide endocannabinoids (Pepcans) showing negative allosteric modulation at CB1 receptors, J Biol Chem, 2012PMID 22952224
- Petrucci V. et al., Pepcan-12 (RVD-hemopressin) is a CB2 receptor positive allosteric modulator constitutively secreted by adrenals and in liver upon tissue damage, Sci Rep, 2017PMID 28842619
- Hofer S. C. et al., Localization and production of peptide endocannabinoids in the rodent CNS and adrenal medulla, Neuropharmacology, 2015PMID 25839900
- Glasmacher S. et Gertsch J., Characterization of pepcan-23 as pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin (pepcan-12) and stability of hemopressins in mice, Adv Biol Regul, 2021PMID 33799079
- Suárez-Suárez S. et al., The endocannabinoid peptide RVD-hemopressin is a TRPV1 channel blocker, Biomolecules, 2024PMID 39334900
- Gomes I. et al., Novel endogenous peptide agonists of cannabinoid receptors, FASEB J, 2009PMID 19380512
- PubChem, composé CID 90488874 (RVD-hemopressin)
Biosynthetic pathway (in vivo)
Pepcan-12 arises from proteolysis of the alpha chain of haemoglobin and not from a terpenophenolic pathway. Pepcan-23, a longer peptide carrying the same sequence, acts as a propeptide and releases pepcan-12 by shortening of its N-terminal end, a conversion observed in tissue homogenates and in mice.
Legal framework
France
Pepcan-12 is an endogenous mammalian peptide, produced by the human body itself from haemoglobin. It does not appear on the narcotics list of the decree of 22 February 1990 and it is not covered by the generic clause of annex IV, which classifies tetrahydrocannabinols, their esters, ethers and salts, since it is neither a THC nor a THC derivative. It is therefore the subject of no classification in France, neither by name nor by generic clause, and it is not marketed as an ingredient.
European Union
The peptide appears in no harmonised European Union control list, neither among the new psychoactive substances monitored by the EUDA, nor in the international conventions of 1961 and 1971 on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Its use remains confined to academic research: it holds neither a marketing authorisation as a medicine, nor the status of a food or cosmetic ingredient.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- Endocannabinoid
- Origin
- This peptide is not a constituent of hemp and does not exist in the plant. It arises from cleavage of the alpha chain of haemoglobin in mammals, humans included. Localisation studies place it in noradrenergic neurons, in particular the locus coeruleus, and above all in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, which appear to supply most of the circulating fraction. The liver produces more of it after an ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and tissue concentrations also rise during experimental endotoxaemia in mice.
- Status
- Endogenous
Dodécapeptide de séquence RVDPVNFKLLSH dérivé de la chaîne alpha de l'hémoglobine, chef de file de la famille des pepcans, sans noyau terpénophénolique ni chaîne alkyle.
Pharmacokinetics
La stabilité du peptide dans le sang est faible: dans du sang total humain étudié hors organisme, une part notable est déjà dégradée au bout de quelques minutes et la dégradation est presque complète après deux heures. Le pepcan-23, son propeptide, résiste nettement mieux et se convertit en pepcan-12 chez la souris, ce qui a conduit les auteurs à le proposer comme forme d'administration plus adaptée pour les études. La biodisponibilité cérébrale rapportée est limitée et aucune donnée pharmacocinétique humaine n'a été publiée.
Metabolism
L'élimination est purement protéolytique, assurée par les peptidases du sang et des tissus qui rognent progressivement les extrémités de la chaîne. Il n'y a ni oxydation par les cytochromes P450, ni conjugaison de type glucuronide, contrairement aux cannabinoïdes végétaux. La filiation documentée va du pepcan-23 vers le pepcan-12, puis vers des fragments plus courts.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicité réglementaire ne porte sur ce peptide, qui est un constituant normal de l'organisme et circule à des concentrations très faibles. Les données publiées proviennent de la souris et du rat, par voie systémique ou intracérébrale, sans signal de toxicité rapporté, mais aucun protocole n'a été conçu pour en rechercher. Il n'existe ni exposition humaine documentée, ni donnée de sécurité clinique, ni signalement d'usage détourné.
Detection and analysis
Le dosage relève exclusivement de la recherche: chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, le plus souvent après enrichissement par immunoaffinité, sur plasma ou homogénats de tissus. Ce peptide n'entre dans aucun panel toxicologique, routier ou antidopage, et il échappe par nature aux tests de dépistage des cannabinoïdes, qui ciblent les métabolites du THC.
References
- 1.Bauer M. et al., Identification and quantification of a new family of peptide endocannabinoids (Pepcans) showing negative allosteric modulation at CB1 receptors, J Biol Chem, 2012PMID 22952224
- 2.Petrucci V. et al., Pepcan-12 (RVD-hemopressin) is a CB2 receptor positive allosteric modulator constitutively secreted by adrenals and in liver upon tissue damage, Sci Rep, 2017PMID 28842619
- 3.Hofer S. C. et al., Localization and production of peptide endocannabinoids in the rodent CNS and adrenal medulla, Neuropharmacology, 2015PMID 25839900
- 4.Glasmacher S. et Gertsch J., Characterization of pepcan-23 as pro-peptide of RVD-hemopressin (pepcan-12) and stability of hemopressins in mice, Adv Biol Regul, 2021PMID 33799079
- 5.Suárez-Suárez S. et al., The endocannabinoid peptide RVD-hemopressin is a TRPV1 channel blocker, Biomolecules, 2024PMID 39334900
- 6.Gomes I. et al., Novel endogenous peptide agonists of cannabinoid receptors, FASEB J, 2009PMID 19380512
- 7.PubChem, composé CID 90488874 (RVD-hemopressin)
Structured data
- InChIKey
- CSDQEWILNKOWRN-WSDCEOHFSA-N
- SMILES
- CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N
- Formula
- C65H105N19O17
- Molar mass
- 1424.60 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 90488874
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.