ECS modulator (research)
UnscheduledSBFI-26
trans-(2S,4S)-3-naphthalen-1-yloxycarbonyl-2,4-diphenylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid
Aliases.SBFI26 · SB-FI-26 · α-truxillic acid 1-naphthyl monoester
An inhibitor of FABP5 and FABP7: it blocks the intracellular transport of anandamide. A research tool.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₈H₂₂O₄
- Molar mass
- 422.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 1002969
- First described
- Décrit en 2012 par William T. Berger, Martin Kaczocha, Iwao Ojima, Dale G. Deutsch et leurs collègues de l'université Stony Brook, dans PLoS ONE 7(12) e50968. La molécule est issue d'un criblage virtuel de plus d'un million de composés de la chimiothèque ChemDiv avec le logiciel DOCK, ciblant FABP7 ; 48 candidats ont ensuite été évalués expérimentalement sur FABP5. Les structures cristallographiques des complexes avec FABP5 et FABP7 ont été publiées en 2017.
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic compound, absent from cannabis as from any other plant. Its diaryl cyclobutane core, termed truxillate, is nonetheless found in incarvillateine, a monoterpene alkaloid of Incarvillea sinensis used in traditional Chinese medicine against rheumatic pain. This structural kinship was noted by the authors of the discovery, even though incarvillateine itself shows no measurable affinity for FABP3, FABP4, FABP5 or FABP7 and acts through the adenosine receptors.
- InChIKey
- NVOKBONTLOAJKA-ZCCOPBOASA-N
In plain terms
SBFI-26 is a laboratory molecule unrelated to hemp: it is found in no plant and is not a cannabinoid. It blocks two transport proteins, FABP5 and FABP7, which move anandamide about inside cells, which raises the level of this natural endocannabinoid. It has been studied only on purified proteins and in mice, never in humans.
Receptors and activity
- FABP7Ki de l'ordre de 0,4 µM (Hsu et al., Biochemistry 2017), inhibition compétitiveAntagonist
- FABP5Ki 0,93 ± 0,08 µM (Berger et al., PLoS ONE 2012), inhibition compétitiveAntagonist
- CB1Modulator
- PPARαModulator
- TRPV1Modulator
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm6
- Clarity3
- Sleep3
- Appetite4
- High3
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
SBFI-26 is a 1-naphthyl monoester of α-truxillic acid, identified in 2012 by virtual screening of more than a million compounds. Its mechanism is indirect: the molecule competitively inhibits FABP5 and FABP7, the cytosolic chaperones that convey anandamide to the endoplasmic reticulum where the enzyme FAAH degrades it. By blocking this transport, SBFI-26 raises brain anandamide concentrations in mice, and does so selectively, since the levels of 2-AG, PEA and OEA remain unchanged. The molecule does not itself bind to CB1 or CB2. The antinociceptive effects observed in rodents are abolished by rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, and by GW6471, a PPARα antagonist, but neither by SR144528, a CB2 antagonist, nor by naloxone, which places the action downstream of the rise in anandamide. Unlike a CB1 agonist, SBFI-26 causes neither catalepsy, nor hypothermia, nor reduced locomotor activity, and it did not induce conditioned place preference. The affinities remain in the micromolar range, which is modest for a pharmacological tool, and human data are entirely lacking: no clinical trial has been conducted.
Key sources.
- Berger WT, Ralph BP, Kaczocha M, Sun J, Balius TE, Rizzo RC, Haj-Dahmane S, Ojima I, Deutsch DG. Targeting fatty acid binding protein (FABP) anandamide transporters, a novel strategy for development of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive drugs. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e50968.PMID 23236415
- Kaczocha M, et al. Inhibition of fatty acid binding proteins elevates brain anandamide levels and produces analgesia. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e94200.DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0094200
- Hsu HC, et al. The anti-nociceptive agent SBFI-26 binds to anandamide transporters FABP5 and FABP7 at two different sites. Biochemistry. 2017.
- Peng X, Studholme K, Kanjiya MP, et al. Fatty-acid-binding protein inhibition produces analgesic effects through peripheral and central mechanisms. Molecular Pain. 2017;13.DOI 10.1177/1744806917697007
- Kaczocha M, et al. Examination of the addictive and behavioral properties of fatty acid-binding protein inhibitor SBFI26. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2016;7:54.DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00054
- PubChem, composé CID 1002969 (SBFI-26), National Library of Medicine.
Origin (research tool)
No biosynthetic pathway: SBFI-26 is produced by no living organism. The scaffold arises from a [2+2] photodimerisation of cinnamic acids, which forms the cyclobutane ring of truxillic acid, followed by partial esterification with 1-naphthol. The compound is used in racemic form.
Legal framework
France
SBFI-26 is named in no French decree. It is neither a tetrahydrocannabinol, nor an ester, an ether or a salt of THC: the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 therefore does not cover it. The compound remains a laboratory reagent, with no marketing authorisation, no food or cosmetic status, and no authorised human use. It has never been reported as a consumer substance in France.
European Union
No Member State specifically schedules SBFI-26, which appears neither among the new psychoactive substances monitored by the EUDA, formerly the EMCDDA, nor in the lists of the UNODC or the INCB. The compound circulates solely as a chemical intended for research, under the general rules applicable to laboratory reagents; there is neither an EFSA assessment nor an EMA dossier concerning it.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- ECS modulator (research)
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic compound, absent from cannabis as from any other plant. Its diaryl cyclobutane core, termed truxillate, is nonetheless found in incarvillateine, a monoterpene alkaloid of Incarvillea sinensis used in traditional Chinese medicine against rheumatic pain. This structural kinship was noted by the authors of the discovery, even though incarvillateine itself shows no measurable affinity for FABP3, FABP4, FABP5 or FABP7 and acts through the adenosine receptors.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Monoester 1-naphtylique de l'acide α-truxillique : cycle cyclobutane portant deux fonctions carboxyliques en positions 1 et 3 et deux substituants phényle en positions 2 et 4, l'une des fonctions acides restant libre tandis que l'autre est estérifiée par le 1-naphtol. Configuration trans-(2S,4S) pour l'énantiomère observé en cristallographie. Aucune parenté avec le squelette terpénophénolique des cannabinoïdes.
Pharmacokinetics
Les données sont fragmentaires. Administré par voie intrapéritonéale chez la souris, SBFI-26 est actif vers 20 mg/kg, avec un effet antinociceptif mesurable dans l'heure qui suit l'injection. La pénétration cérébrale après administration systémique reste faible, ce qui a conduit les auteurs à décrire l'essentiel de l'action comme périphérique. Les concentrations tissulaires dans la patte injectée décroissent rapidement en moins d'une heure. Aucun paramètre pharmacocinétique humain n'est disponible.
Metabolism
Aucune étude de métabolisme n'a été publiée pour SBFI-26. La fonction ester laisse attendre une hydrolyse par les estérases plasmatiques et tissulaires, mais cette hypothèse n'a pas été vérifiée expérimentalement et les métabolites n'ont pas été caractérisés.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicité réglementaire n'a été publiée. Dans les travaux comportementaux chez la souris, des doses intrapéritonéales de 5, 20 et 40 mg/kg n'ont produit ni préférence de place conditionnée, ni modification de l'activité locomotrice, ni effet anxiogène ou anxiolytique, ni atteinte de la mémoire de reconnaissance ou du comportement social. Les auteurs concluent à l'absence de potentiel de dépendance dans ces conditions. Ces observations portent sur des expositions brèves chez le rongeur : elles ne renseignent ni sur la toxicité chronique, ni sur la sécurité chez l'humain, où les données manquent entièrement.
Detection and analysis
Aucune méthode de dépistage de routine n'existe, le composé n'étant ni recherché en toxicologie clinique ni suivi en criminalistique. Les laboratoires de recherche le quantifient par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Il échappe aux tests immunochimiques cannabis, qui ciblent les métabolites du THC.
References
- 1.Berger WT, Ralph BP, Kaczocha M, Sun J, Balius TE, Rizzo RC, Haj-Dahmane S, Ojima I, Deutsch DG. Targeting fatty acid binding protein (FABP) anandamide transporters, a novel strategy for development of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive drugs. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e50968.PMID 23236415
- 2.Kaczocha M, et al. Inhibition of fatty acid binding proteins elevates brain anandamide levels and produces analgesia. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e94200.DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0094200
- 3.Hsu HC, et al. The anti-nociceptive agent SBFI-26 binds to anandamide transporters FABP5 and FABP7 at two different sites. Biochemistry. 2017.
- 4.Peng X, Studholme K, Kanjiya MP, et al. Fatty-acid-binding protein inhibition produces analgesic effects through peripheral and central mechanisms. Molecular Pain. 2017;13.DOI 10.1177/1744806917697007
- 5.Kaczocha M, et al. Examination of the addictive and behavioral properties of fatty acid-binding protein inhibitor SBFI26. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2016;7:54.DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00054
- 6.PubChem, composé CID 1002969 (SBFI-26), National Library of Medicine.
Structured data
- InChIKey
- NVOKBONTLOAJKA-ZCCOPBOASA-N
- SMILES
- C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2C([C@@H](C2C(=O)OC3=CC=CC4=CC=CC=C43)C5=CC=CC=C5)C(=O)O
- Formula
- C28H22O4
- Molar mass
- 422.50 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 1002969
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.