Minor phytocannabinoid
Narcotic: generic clauseTHCA-BΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B
(6aR,10aR)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromene-4-carboxylic acid
Aliases.Δ9-THCA-B · 4-COOH-THCA · THCA B · 4-carboxy-Δ9-THC · Acide tétrahydrocannabinolique B
Rare 4-carboxyl isomer of THCA, with no pharmacological data of its own.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₂H₃₀O₄
- Molar mass
- 358.50 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 46889976
- First described
- Décrit en 1969 par Raphael Mechoulam, Zvi Ben-Zvi, B. Yagnitinsky et Alexander Shani dans Tetrahedron Letters, à partir de haschich, sous le nom d'acide tétrahydrocannabinolique B. Sa structure a été confirmée en 1975 par Rosenqvist et Ottersen, qui en ont résolu la structure cristalline par diffraction des rayons X. Les travaux ultérieurs n'ont pas confirmé de façon reproductible sa présence dans le végétal.
- Origin
- Reported only in a few samples of cannabis resin low in THCA-A or devoid of that isomer, and never found consistently in the fresh plant. It is today regarded as a compound of very low occurrence, probably formed after harvest rather than produced by the plant itself.
- InChIKey
- VITZNDKHSIWPSR-HZPDHXFCSA-N
In plain terms
THCA-B is a rare variant of the acid that, in cannabis, precedes THC. It carries its acid function at a different place on the molecule from the usual form, THCA-A, and it has been reported only in a few resin samples. Like all acidic forms, it turns into THC as soon as it is heated.
Receptors and activity
- CB1Partial agonist
- CB2Partial agonist
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm8
- Clarity5
- Sleep6
- Appetite6
- High4
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
THCA-B is the positional isomer of THCA-A: the carboxylic function occupies position 4 of the aromatic ring instead of position 2. This difference, slight on paper, has never been explored pharmacologically, and no CB1 or CB2 affinity data, no ion channel study and no human data concern this molecule specifically. What is documented comes from the acidic series as a whole, where the carboxyl group borne by the aromatic nucleus causes the loss of most of the cannabinoid activity: THCA-A shows only marginal affinity and efficacy at CB1 and CB2, and the published results contradict one another, part of the signal being attributable to spontaneous decarboxylation into delta-9-THC during the assays. The only firmly established behaviour of THCA-B is chemical: like all acidic cannabinoids, it loses its carboxylic function under the effect of heat and yields delta-9-THC. Its very presence in cannabis remains debated, work subsequent to the initial 1969 description having failed to confirm reproducibly that it is a constituent of the plant rather than a transformation product.
Key sources.
- Mechoulam R, Ben-Zvi Z, Yagnitinsky B, Shani A. A new tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969;10(28):2339-2341 (description initiale du THCA-B)PMID 5796587
- Rosenqvist E, Ottersen T. The crystal and molecular structure of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B. Acta Chem Scand B. 1975;29(3):379-384PMID 1138526
- Filer CN. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid B: A Mechanism for its Formation in Cannabis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0216
- Moreno-Sanz G. Can You Pass the Acid Test? Critical Review and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016PMID 28861488
- PubChem, CID 46889976, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoic acid B (identifiants et formule)
- Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, annexe IV (clause générique tétrahydrocannabinols)
- Arrêté du 30 décembre 2021 portant application de l'article R. 5132-86 du code de la santé publique, article 1 (seuil de 0,30 % de delta-9-THC)
Biosynthetic pathway
No known enzymatic pathway: the THCA synthase of cannabis forms only THCA-A, carboxylated at position 2. A non-enzymatic origin was proposed in 2023, by a photochemical route, with THCA-A rearranging into CBDA and then into THCA-B, which would make this molecule a post-harvest transformation product and not a plant metabolite. This hypothesis remains a mechanistic proposal and has not been demonstrated experimentally.
Legal framework
France
THCA-B is listed by name in no ANSM decision. It falls under the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990, which classifies as narcotics “tetrahydrocannabinols, their esters, ethers, salts as well as the salts of the aforementioned derivatives”, wording that encompasses the acidic forms of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In practice, the decree of 30 December 2021 sets at 0.30 % the maximum delta-9-THC content of authorised hemp and its extracts, and the regulatory assay adds together the neutral form and the acidic fraction: a product may therefore not contain THCA-B beyond that ceiling, whatever its commercial designation.
European Union
There is no harmonised listing at European level: THCA-B is not among the new psychoactive substances placed under control by implementing act and has not been the subject of a European risk assessment. The applicable framework remains that of agricultural hemp, with the 0.30 % total THC threshold of Regulation (EU) 2021/2115, each member state moreover retaining its own list of narcotics. The international conventions target delta-9-THC and its isomers, the acidic form not appearing there under a name of its own, but any product intended to be heated releases delta-9-THC and thus falls in practice under that control.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- Minor phytocannabinoid
- Origin
- Reported only in a few samples of cannabis resin low in THCA-A or devoid of that isomer, and never found consistently in the fresh plant. It is today regarded as a compound of very low occurrence, probably formed after harvest rather than produced by the plant itself.
- Status
- Narcotic: generic clause
Phytocannabinoïde acide de type THC : squelette benzo[c]chromène tricyclique, chaîne latérale pentyle en C3, fonction carboxylique en position 4 du cycle aromatique, là où le THCA-A la porte en position 2.
Pharmacokinetics
Aucune donnée de pharmacocinétique publiée pour le THCA-B. Pour le THCA-A, pris comme référence de la série acide, l'absorption orale est rapide, la demi-vie plasmatique courte et le passage de la barrière hématoencéphalique limité, la conversion en delta-9-THC dans l'organisme restant faible ; la transformation en delta-9-THC se produit surtout à l'extérieur du corps, lors du chauffage. Ces éléments ne sont pas transposables au THCA-B en l'absence de mesure directe.
Metabolism
Aucune étude de métabolisme ne porte spécifiquement sur le THCA-B. Chez le THCA-A, les voies décrites recoupent celles du delta-9-THC, avec formation d'intermédiaires 11-hydroxylés puis d'acides 11-carboxyliques, l'élimination différant toutefois de celle du THC. La réaction la plus déterminante reste la décarboxylation thermique, qui n'est pas un processus métabolique mais une transformation chimique intervenant avant l'ingestion ou l'inhalation.
Toxicology and risks
Aucune étude de toxicologie n'a porté sur le THCA-B, ni chez l'animal ni chez l'humain, et aucun signal de sécurité propre n'est documenté ; les données humaines manquent totalement. Le risque pratique tient à son statut de précurseur : chauffé, il libère du delta-9-THC, avec les effets attendus de ce stupéfiant, notamment altération de l'attention et de la coordination, anxiété et accélération du rythme cardiaque. Un produit vendu sous une appellation évoquant les acides du THC doit donc être traité comme un produit à THC.
Detection and analysis
La chromatographie liquide couplée à une détection UV ou à la spectrométrie de masse est nécessaire pour conserver la forme acide : en chromatographie gazeuse, l'injecteur décarboxyle le THCA-B, qui apparaît alors sous le pic du delta-9-THC. La distinction avec le THCA-A repose sur la résolution chromatographique des deux isomères de position, leurs masses et leurs fragmentations étant identiques. Le contrôle réglementaire du chanvre s'appuie sur le THC total, somme du delta-9-THC et de la fraction acide convertie par le facteur 0,877.
References
- 1.Mechoulam R, Ben-Zvi Z, Yagnitinsky B, Shani A. A new tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Tetrahedron Lett. 1969;10(28):2339-2341 (description initiale du THCA-B)PMID 5796587
- 2.Rosenqvist E, Ottersen T. The crystal and molecular structure of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid B. Acta Chem Scand B. 1975;29(3):379-384PMID 1138526
- 3.Filer CN. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid B: A Mechanism for its Formation in Cannabis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023DOI 10.1089/can.2021.0216
- 4.Moreno-Sanz G. Can You Pass the Acid Test? Critical Review and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016PMID 28861488
- 5.PubChem, CID 46889976, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinoic acid B (identifiants et formule)
- 6.Arrêté du 22 février 1990 fixant la liste des substances classées comme stupéfiants, annexe IV (clause générique tétrahydrocannabinols)
- 7.Arrêté du 30 décembre 2021 portant application de l'article R. 5132-86 du code de la santé publique, article 1 (seuil de 0,30 % de delta-9-THC)
Structured data
- InChIKey
- VITZNDKHSIWPSR-HZPDHXFCSA-N
- SMILES
- CCCCCC1=CC(=C2[C@@H]3C=C(CC[C@H]3C(OC2=C1C(=O)O)(C)C)C)O
- Formula
- C22H30O4
- Molar mass
- 358.50 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 46889976
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.