ECS modulator (research)
UnscheduledURB937
[3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] N-cyclohexylcarbamate
Aliases.URB-937 · URB 937 · cyclohexylcarbamate de 3'-carbamoyl-6-hydroxybiphényl-3-yle
A FAAH inhibitor excluded from the brain by the ABCG2 transporter, a research tool with no human data.
Updated on
Level of detail
Harm-reduction warning
No characterised human dose: animal / in vitro data only. Effect profile, safety margin and acute toxicity are not documented in human clinical practice. Extremely potent compound: severe effects, seizures and deaths reported in the literature.
Identifiers
- Formula
- C₂₀H₂₂N₂O₄
- Molar mass
- 354.40 g·mol⁻¹
- CAS
- -
- PubChem CID
- 53394762
- First described
- Décrit en 2010 par Jason R. Clapper, Guillermo Moreno-Sanz et Daniele Piomelli, avec les équipes de chimie médicinale d'Urbino (Giorgio Tarzia, Andrea Duranti) et de Parme (Marco Mor), dans Nature Neuroscience. Le mécanisme de son exclusion du système nerveux central, le transporteur ABCG2, a été établi en 2011 par la même équipe.
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic compound, with no known natural occurrence: it exists neither in cannabis nor in any living organism. It was designed as a laboratory pharmacological probe, with the aim of separating the peripheral effects of the endocannabinoid system from its central effects.
- InChIKey
- CMEQHOXCIGFZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
In plain terms
URB937 is a laboratory molecule, made by synthesis and entirely absent from hemp. It blocks an enzyme that destroys anandamide, a cannabinoid the body makes itself, but only outside the brain: a transporter turns it back at the gates of the nervous system. Everything published concerns rats and mice, and human data are lacking.
Receptors and activity
- FAAHIC50 26,8 ± 4,9 nM sur membranes de cerveau de ratModulator
- CB1Modulator
- MAGLIC50 supérieure à 100 µM, absence d'inhibitionModulator
- Agonist
- Partial agonist
- Antagonist
- Modulator
- Inverse agonist
Hover over a row for the precise value (Ki, EC50…)
Subjective signature
Hover over an axis to read its definition.
- Calm8
- Clarity4
- Sleep6
- Appetite5
- High4
Editorial estimate, not clinical.
Pharmacology
URB937 is an O-biphenyl carbamate that covalently inhibits FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase), the enzyme responsible for degrading anandamide. On rat brain membranes, the inhibition is measured with an IC50 of 26.8 nM, while monoacylglycerol lipase remains intact and tissue levels of 2-AG do not shift. The molecule does not itself bind to CB1 or CB2: its action proceeds entirely through the accumulation of anandamide, and the analgesic effects observed in rodents are abolished by CB1 antagonists, not by the CB2 antagonist. Its distinctive feature is being a substrate of the efflux transporter ABCG2 (also called BCRP), which turns it back out of the brain and spinal cord; in mice deprived of Abcg2, the same dose reaches the central nervous system. This peripheral restriction has made it the reference tool for showing that cannabinoid signalling in peripheral tissues is enough to modulate the entry of pain signals into the nervous system. The whole literature is preclinical: inflammatory and neuropathic pain, migraine models, bladder overactivity, lung injury. No clinical trial is registered and human data are lacking.
Key sources.
- Clapper JR et al., Anandamide suppresses pain initiation through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism, Nature Neuroscience, 2010PMID 20852626
- Moreno-Sanz G et al., The ABC membrane transporter ABCG2 prevents access of FAAH inhibitor URB937 to the central nervous system, Pharmacological Research, 2011PMID 21767647
- Moreno-Sanz G et al., Pharmacological characterization of the peripheral FAAH inhibitor URB937 in female rodents, British Journal of Pharmacology, 2012PMID 22774772
- Moreno-Sanz G et al., Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of O-biphenyl-3-yl carbamates as peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitors, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013PMID 23822179
- Vozella V et al., Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety studies on URB937 in rats, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019PMID 31579946
- PubChem, composé CID 53394762 (URB937), National Library of Medicine
Origin (research tool)
No biosynthesis: URB937 is produced by no organism. It comes from medicinal chemistry, through modification of the aryl carbamate URB597, to which a polar hydroxyl group was added on the proximal phenyl ring, a modification sufficient to make it a substrate for an efflux transporter.
Legal framework
France
URB937 is named in no French regulatory text and appears on no ANSM list. It is neither a tetrahydrocannabinol, nor an ester, nor an ether, nor a salt of THC: the generic clause of annex IV of the decree of 22 February 1990 therefore does not cover it. The substance is simply unscheduled as a narcotic. It remains a reagent intended for research, with no marketing authorisation: no sale for human consumption is lawful, for want of either medicinal or food status.
European Union
No classification under the international conventions of 1961 and 1971, no entry in the UN schedules, no assessment published by the EUDA (formerly the EMCDDA), the INCB or the WHO expert committee. No European marketing authorisation, no notification to the early warning system on new psychoactive substances. The molecule circulates solely as a laboratory chemical.
Sources: EUR-Lex, UNODC, CND, ANSM, IUPHAR/BPS, ChEBI, EUDA. Our method.
Structural classification
- Class
- ECS modulator (research)
- Origin
- An entirely synthetic compound, with no known natural occurrence: it exists neither in cannabis nor in any living organism. It was designed as a laboratory pharmacological probe, with the aim of separating the peripheral effects of the endocannabinoid system from its central effects.
- Status
- Unscheduled
Carbamate d'O-biphényle, ester de l'acide cyclohexylcarbamique, agissant comme inhibiteur covalent de sérine hydrolase. Aucune parenté avec le squelette terpénophénolique des cannabinoïdes végétaux.
Pharmacokinetics
Les données disponibles concernent uniquement le rongeur. Chez le rat, la biodisponibilité orale est de 36 %, le pic plasmatique survient vers 60 minutes et la demi-vie est d'environ 162 minutes. Le point remarquable est la distribution : le composé reste indétectable dans le cerveau aux doses qui inhibent complètement la FAAH hépatique, avec une dose efficace médiane de 0,9 mg/kg pour le foie contre 20,5 mg/kg pour le cerveau. Cette exclusion tient au transport actif par ABCG2, dont URB937 est substrat pour les orthologues murin et humain ; le même mécanisme restreint l'accès aux tissus placentaires et fœtaux chez la femelle gestante.
Metabolism
Le mécanisme d'action repose sur une carbamoylation covalente du nucléophile catalytique de la FAAH, qui libère la partie phénolique de la molécule et inactive durablement l'enzyme. Les travaux publiés n'ont pas cartographié les métabolites circulants ni identifié les isoformes du cytochrome P450 impliquées, si bien que le devenir métabolique complet reste non caractérisé.
Toxicology and risks
La tolérance a été évaluée chez le rat par voie orale, en administration unique puis répétée pendant deux semaines, à des doses très supérieures aux doses pharmacologiques et allant jusqu'à 1000 mg/kg. Aucun décès n'a été observé, l'examen macroscopique et l'histopathologie n'ont révélé aucune anomalie, et la courbe de poids est restée normale ; les variations de prise alimentaire et hydrique n'étaient pas liées à la dose. Une élévation de la glycémie plasmatique a été notée chez les mâles en traitement subchronique. À ces doses très élevées, la barrière d'efflux est débordée et l'inhibition de la FAAH devient également cérébrale, ce qui fait perdre à la molécule sa restriction périphérique. Aucune donnée de sécurité humaine n'existe.
Detection and analysis
Aucune méthode médico-légale de routine n'existe : la substance n'est pas recherchée dans les dépistages toxicologiques standard et ne figure dans aucun panel cannabinoïde. Dans les travaux précliniques, le dosage se fait par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, dans le plasma et les tissus, avec des seuils de sensibilité de l'ordre du picogramme par millilitre.
References
- 1.Clapper JR et al., Anandamide suppresses pain initiation through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism, Nature Neuroscience, 2010PMID 20852626
- 2.Moreno-Sanz G et al., The ABC membrane transporter ABCG2 prevents access of FAAH inhibitor URB937 to the central nervous system, Pharmacological Research, 2011PMID 21767647
- 3.Moreno-Sanz G et al., Pharmacological characterization of the peripheral FAAH inhibitor URB937 in female rodents, British Journal of Pharmacology, 2012PMID 22774772
- 4.Moreno-Sanz G et al., Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of O-biphenyl-3-yl carbamates as peripherally restricted FAAH inhibitors, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2013PMID 23822179
- 5.Vozella V et al., Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety studies on URB937 in rats, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2019PMID 31579946
- 6.PubChem, composé CID 53394762 (URB937), National Library of Medicine
Structured data
- InChIKey
- CMEQHOXCIGFZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- SMILES
- C1CCC(CC1)NC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)C3=CC(=CC=C3)C(=O)N
- Formula
- C20H22N2O4
- Molar mass
- 354.40 g·mol⁻¹
- PubChem CID
- 53394762
LLM ingestion format: a structured superset of the entry (identifiers, binding, versioned legal status). Full corpus.