CBG (cannabigerol): a simple definition of a minor cannabinoid

CBG belongs to the chemical family of cannabinoids, like CBD and THC, with which it shares a similar basic structure but distinct properties. It is produced by the plant from CBGA (cannabigerolic acid), itself the result of the enzymatic combination of two plant precursors: olivetolic acid and geranyl pyrophosphate. It is this starting position in the biosynthesis chain that earns it the nickname of "mother cannabinoid": without CBGA there would be no CBD, no THC and no CBC.

This table places CBG among the non-intoxicating cannabinoids of hemp, alongside CBD, but with a distinct biological origin and interaction profile, which we set out in detail in our article on the biosynthesis of CBG.

CBG follows exactly the same framework as CBD: sale authorised if the finished product contains at most 0.30% THC, in line with the decision of the Conseil d'État of 29 December 2022. It is not on the list of narcotics, unlike HHC, H4CBD or THCP, classified by the ANSM decrees of 2023 and 2024. No health claim is validated by the EFSA for CBG: commercial communications must stay within the register of wellbeing.

CBG interacts directly, but weakly, with the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system — a different mechanism from that of CBD, which acts mainly through indirect modulation. It is also being studied for its interactions with alpha-2 adrenergic and 5-HT1A serotonergic receptors. These data remain essentially preclinical (cells, animal models). No adequately powered clinical study allows any conclusion to date about an effect in humans.

A product's certificate of analysis (CoA) states the CBG content as a percentage or in milligrams per millilitre. In a standard full-spectrum oil, CBG generally represents a minor fraction of the total cannabinoid profile, alongside other compounds such as CBC or CBN. Products specifically enriched with CBG say so explicitly on the label, with a CBD/CBG ratio stated. For the available formats and the precautions of use, see our CBG product guide.

Is CBG the same thing as CBD?

No. Although both are non-psychoactive and authorised in France under the same THC threshold conditions, CBG and CBD have different biosynthetic origins and different interaction profiles with the endocannabinoid system.

Why is CBG so rare in the plant?

Because at maturity most of the CBGA produced by the plant has already been converted into CBDA or THCA by the corresponding enzymes. Generally only around 1% CBG remains in a standard mature flower.

Is CBG psychoactive?

No. CBG does not cause a "high" or any change in perception at the usual commercial dosages, unlike THC.

Is CBG on the list of narcotics?

No. The CBG naturally present in hemp is not classified as a narcotic in France, unlike semi-synthetic cannabinoids such as HHC or THCP.