Science
Molecules, mechanisms and the state of cannabinoid research: what the published studies establish, and what they do not yet say.
Science
Science20 October 2026·11 min
Linalool: the floral terpene of lavender and hemp
Lavender, coriander, hemp: linalool scents more than 200 essential oils. Measured levels in flower, published studies and European rules, source by source.
Science16 September 2026·8 min
CBD concentrates compared 2026: what the certificate must show
Rosin, wax, crumble, live resin or isolate: what each family of CBD concentrate must prove on its certificate, residual solvents line included.
Science16 September 2026·8 min
CBD resin colour: what the shade does not prove
White, blond, pink or brown, the shade of a CBD resin depends on the cultivar, the fraction, its age or an additive. The batch analysis alone settles which.
Science16 September 2026·9 min
CBD crumble: texture, purge and 4 certificate lines
Crumble is a dry, friable concentrate of the wax family. How it gets its texture, why concentrating CBD also concentrates THC, and the 4 lines to read.
Science16 September 2026·8 min
CBD flower or resin: 4 differences noted on two batches
CBD flower or resin: potency, texture, terpenes and the price of a gram of CBD, compared on two catalogue batches showing 9.6% and 15.0% CBD.
Science16 September 2026·9 min
CBD hash and residual solvents: what the COA must show
Hash sieved dry or washed in ice water involves no solvent at all. A butane extract must prove its purge: which certificate line to read, and its limits.
Science16 September 2026·11 min
CBD isolate: what 99% means on a certificate
A CBD isolate assays at 99% or more. What the figure measures, what "THC not detected" leaves out, why the solvent line counts, and the French rules.
Science16 September 2026·9 min
Heavy metals in CBD: what limit for flower or hash?
No EU text caps heavy metals in CBD flower or resin. Which references labs use, from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/kg of lead, and how to read an ICP-MS result.
Science16 September 2026·9 min
Cut hashish: what the 6 most quoted signs are worth
The usual signs of cut hashish (shape, smell, colour, effect) checked against published lab data. None of them is enough, and the CBD market is exposed too.
Science16 September 2026·8 min
CBD content of flowers: 72 products, from 6.7 to 14.4%
72 CBD flowers read on 16 September 2026 show 6.73 to 14.39% CBD, median 10.82%. The full calculation, and the reasons none of them nears 30%.
Science12 September 2026·11 min
CBD laboratory: check an accreditation in 5 steps
An “ISO 17025” badge does not tell you which analyses are covered. Here are 5 steps for reading a Cofrac certificate, its scope and its dates, with 2 real certificates read in full.
Science17 August 2026·8 min
Beta-caryophyllene: the pepper terpene that targets CB2
Found in black pepper, clove and hemp, beta-caryophyllene binds the CB2 receptor according to a 2008 study. What later research confirms, and the 130 °C pitfall.
Science17 August 2026·7 min
CBD and tinnitus: no human trial has ever been completed
CBD and tinnitus: no human trial ever completed and two rat experiments with no benefit. What research has tested since 2007, and which doctor to see for tinnitus.
Science17 August 2026·8 min
CBD and epilepsy: what Epidyolex proves, and its limits
Epidyolex is the only authorised cannabidiol medicine, used in three rare epilepsies at 10 to 25 mg/kg a day. Its trials, its risks, and the limits of what they show.
Science17 August 2026·8 min
Water-soluble CBD: what the trials actually measure
CBD sold as water-soluble does not actually dissolve in water. What three trials in 14 to 16 volunteers measured, what a fatty meal changes, and its status in France.
Science17 August 2026·9 min
CBD and vivid dreams: what 7 studies actually measured
Does CBD make dreams more vivid? Nothing in the research says so, and the one measure of dream recall, in 15 people with insomnia in 1981, found a decrease.
Science14 August 2026·9 min
CBD for eczema and psoriasis: what the trials measured
CBD and eczema: the only controlled trial of CBD on its own found it no better than a placebo. The studies, their limits and the claims a cream may legally make.
Science14 August 2026·9 min
CBD and multiple sclerosis: what 25 trials actually tested
The positive trials in multiple sclerosis used a THC + CBD spray that has never been sold in France. Not one of the 25 trials in the Cochrane review tested CBD alone.
Science14 August 2026·8 min
CBD and IBS: what the only published trial shows
A single placebo-controlled trial has tested CBD in irritable bowel syndrome: 32 women, no difference measured. Its limits, and what French rules allow.
Science14 August 2026·7 min
CBD and ADHD: one controlled trial, and it was negative
No trial of CBD alone in ADHD has published results yet. The only controlled trial gave 30 adults a THC and CBD spray, with a negative result.
Science14 August 2026·16 min
PTC drug ('pète ton crâne'): composition, effects, risks
PTC is not cannabis: it is an e-liquid or plant matter soaked in synthetic cannabinoids that are classified as narcotics. Composition, effects and help.
Science4 August 2026·8 min
CBD and anaesthesia: what to tell your team before surgery
CBD and general anaesthesia: the 2023 guidelines, sedation studies, established interactions, and what to tell the anaesthetist before your operation.
Science4 August 2026·9 min
CBD and alcohol: four human trials, no protective effect
Four human trials, 1979 to 2026, found no useful drop in blood alcohol with CBD and no protection of the liver. What they measured, and what nobody has measured yet.
Science21 July 2026·10 min
CBD side effects: liver, drowsiness and drug interactions
What CBD trials show on drowsiness, diarrhoea, liver enzymes and drug interactions, at which doses, and what EFSA, the WHO and the French agency Anses say.
Science21 July 2026·8 min
CBD that gets you high: why it is a warning sign
No, CBD does not get you high: in a trial, 600 mg caused no intoxication. A “CBD that gets you high” contains excess THC or a banned semi-synthetic cannabinoid.
Science13 July 2026·8 min
CBD and medication: the grapefruit effect in numbers
CBD, like grapefruit, can push up blood levels of some medicines. What was measured, at which doses, and which treatments to mention to your pharmacist.
Science13 July 2026·7 min
CBDV (cannabidivarin): CBD with two fewer carbons
CBDV is the short-chain cousin of CBD. Its chemistry, CBDV-rich flowers, a trial in 162 patients and its legal status: what is known about it in 2026.
Science19 May 2026·7 min
Supercritical CO2 extraction of CBD: the process in numbers
Above 31 °C and 73.8 bar, CO2 dissolves cannabinoids and then escapes as a gas. The pressures and yields measured, and a comparison with ethanol and butane.
Science18 May 2026·9 min
Cannabinoids: definition, 3 families and what is legal
A cannabinoid acts on the CB1 and CB2 receptors or comes from hemp. The definition, the plant's 125 molecules, endocannabinoids, synthetics and French law.
Science18 May 2026·8 min
CBC (cannabichromene): molecule, levels and legal status
CBC, a hemp cannabinoid isolated in 1966, is not psychoactive and occurs only in traces. Its chemistry, the levels measured, the research and its legal status in France.
Science18 May 2026·8 min
CBD and clinical trials: what is proven, and at what dose
CBD has one proven use, in three rare epilepsies, at doses of 700 mg and more. What clinical trials actually measured on anxiety, sleep and pain.
Science18 May 2026·9 min
Broad-spectrum CBD: what “THC-free” really means
Broad-spectrum CBD keeps CBG, CBN and terpenes and takes out the THC. Definition, process, tests on 28 products, drug tests, sport and French law.
Science18 May 2026·8 min
CBD vs CBN: one comes from the plant, one from aged THC
Hemp makes CBD directly, and CBN forms as THC ages. How the two differ in origin, storage, receptors and French legal status, with the figures behind each point.
Science18 May 2026·17 min
CBG (cannabigerol): definition of the mother cannabinoid
CBG is what hemp converts into CBD and THC. Definition, biosynthesis, levels found in flowers, the first human trial and its legal status in France.
Science18 May 2026·11 min
CBD certificate of analysis: 6 lines to read on a COA
Batch, laboratory, total THC, banned cannabinoids, contaminants and quantification limits: how to read the 6 lines of a CBD certificate of analysis, with a worked example.
Science18 May 2026·8 min
How long does CBD take to kick in? From 3 min to 5 h
How long CBD takes by route: blood peak 3 to 15 minutes after inhaling, 3 to 5 hours after swallowing. Half-life, the effect of food and how to judge a product.
Science18 May 2026·7 min
How long does CBD stay in your blood and saliva?
How long CBD stays in the body: a blood half-life of a few hours to 5 days, a saliva peak at half an hour, and why roadside tests target THC.
Science18 May 2026·9 min
The CBD entourage effect: what studies actually tested
The entourage effect was named in 1998 for molecules the human body makes, and it remains a hypothesis for CBD. What 6 studies measured, and what may be claimed.
Science18 May 2026·10 min
Full spectrum CBD oil: what it contains, THC included
Full spectrum, broad spectrum or isolate: the contents of each CBD oil, the real weight of the entourage effect, and the THC drivers tend to overlook.
Science18 May 2026·8 min
Full spectrum or CBD isolate: 5 measurable differences
Full spectrum, broad spectrum or isolate: the real differences in THC, drug tests and sport, and what research shows on the entourage effect.
Science18 May 2026·10 min
Endocannabinoid system: CB1, CB2 and what CBD does there
How the endocannabinoid system works: CB1 and CB2 receptors, anandamide, 2-AG and their enzymes, its link to homeostasis, and what CBD really does to it.
- Science
18 May 2026·8 min
CBD terpenes: 200 molecules, under 1% of the flower
Myrcene, limonene, β-caryophyllene: what hemp terpenes are, how they shape the smell, what research has measured and what remains a hypothesis.
Science16 May 2026·9 min
Cannabis and mental health: why THC potency matters
Psychosis, depression, adolescence: what the large studies really measure about THC, how the profile of CBD differs, and where to get help in France.
Science16 May 2026·7 min
CBDA (cannabidiolic acid): the raw form of CBD
CBDA is the acidic form of CBD made by hemp, and heat turns it into CBD. Temperatures, times, the total CBD calculation and its legal status in France.
Science16 May 2026·8 min
CBD decarboxylation: what temperature, and for how long?
Heat converts the CBDA in hemp into CBD, 95% of it in about an hour at 110 °C. The methods compared, using the published measurements.
Science16 May 2026·7 min
THCJD: banned in France since 2024 without being named
THCJD is a synthetic THC carrying an eight-carbon chain. By its structure it belongs to the derivatives that the ANSM classified as narcotics on 3 June 2024.
Science12 May 2026·9 min
CBD outside hemp: no other known plant makes it
Hemp is the only plant known to make CBD. What the everlasting, the rhododendron and black pepper actually produce, and what yeast-made or synthetic CBD is.
Science12 May 2026·7 min
THC detox: why nothing speeds up clearing it for a test
No evidence shows that water, exercise or detox kits speed up THC elimination. How the body handles THC, and how long each drug test can pick it up.
Science12 May 2026·7 min
THCV: a natural cannabinoid tolerated only below 0.3%
THCV is a short-chain relative of THC. Its chemistry, its levels in hemp, 4 human trials, drug testing, and the 0.3% threshold France's ANSM set in 2024.